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EXCI 460 > sample question > Flashcards

sample question Flashcards

1
Q

T/F A stable isotope have 1 additional neutron

A

true

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2
Q

T/F Arterio-Venous balance measurements is used to measure the rate of appearance and disappearance of the tracer in the veins and arteries

A

T

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3
Q

T/F
To study the effect of food on muscle protein synthesis we need multiple muscle biopsies

A

True, we need before and after at least, so at least 2
Usually in the Vastus lateralis muscle because it’s a big muscle

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4
Q

where does the effect of food on muscle protein synthesis is usually do

A

vastus lateralis muscle

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5
Q

What is the advantage and the disadvantage to Substrate-Specific tracer vs D2O?

A

D2O is a free living environment, we can use it on a longer period of time, more use for exercise,
Infuser is more use in nutrition study because we have more control on amount/rate ingest and infused
Infuser more precise but both are efficient

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6
Q

T/F Anabolic resistance is the fact that older adults cannot absorb protein the same way a young individual can?

A

False, it is a multiple factors problem (hormones secretion…)

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7
Q

True or False?

Muscle atrophy is way much faster compared to muscle hypertrophy and can occur in only 3 days of immobilization?

A

T

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8
Q

True or False?

The enrichment pool takes about 7 hours to get to the steady state?

A

False, in around 2 hours you can get to a steady state

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9
Q

What type of contraction create more DOMS?

A

Eccentric
Going downhill, stopping the mvt

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10
Q

Name 3 tests used to measure recovery

A

Muscle strength
Algometer
Questionnaires
Circumference
Blood test (inflammation)

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11
Q

True or False?

Aerobic exercise could influence the expression of mTORC via the activation of AMPK

A

True
mTORC increase muscle synthesis that will lead to increase in m. mass
AMPK leads to a lower expression of mTORC
Impossible to block proteins

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12
Q

Why muscle mass matter?

A

Bone density
Metabolism
Preventing fall
Functionality
Improve quality of life

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13
Q

What could improve recovery?

A

Sleep
Hydration
Nutrition
Movement (Active recovery)

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14
Q

True or False?

Stable isotopes are also used to measure energy expenditure

A

True, doubly labelled water (see notes)

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15
Q

What does increasing muscle protein synthesis do to muscle mass?

A

Increase muscle mass on the LONG TERM

Bc we increase MPS daily but we don’t build m. mass daily

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16
Q

True or False?

Stable Isotopes could be infused or drank and they are not radioactive

A

T

17
Q

True or False?

To study muscle protein synthesis, we absolutely need a muscle biopsy and a stable isotope?

A

True, to study it directly we need to, there are other methods but not as accurate

18
Q

True or False?

It takes 6 to 8 weeks to observe a significant increase in muscle mass via an MRI or a DXA scan?

A

True, can’t observe any changes if you do it less than 6 weeks after

19
Q

what is the minimum week needed to observe a significant increase in muscle mass via MRI or DXA scan

A

6 weeks

20
Q

Does MPB increase when we exercise and why?

A

Yes, exercise will lead to micro damage to the muscle tissue
Combining protein and exercise you have higher MPS

21
Q

What is needed to activate mTORC1?

A

Food, hormones, injecting testosterone, insulin

22
Q

Why does EAA are important?

A

We need to get it from an external source (our body isn’t producing it)
Leucine is a EAA

23
Q

True or False?

Gas chromatography mass spectrometry or GCMS is used to identify compound such as atoms

A

True,
GCMS is mainly use by the geologist

24
Q

What acute and chronic dietary and non dietary factors affect MPS?

A

Acute: Everything you eat protein you stimulate acute effects so nutrition/diet and exercise

Chronic:
Long term proper diet
Long term exercise (multiple days in a row to get the benefits)
Age, Sleep
Hormones
Prolonged inactivity

25
Q

Do we need additional protein for aerobic athletes?

A

Yes, compared to sedentary people (1.2 kg/bodyweight)
0.8 for sedentary adults
Older people need similar to aerobic

26
Q

How do me maximize MPS?

A

eating protein 20-30g/meal (meal distribution)
Resistance training

27
Q

True or False?

D3 creatine is another stable isotope used to measure total muscle mass?

A

True, is used to m. mass from urine

28
Q

Is it possible to maximize MPS with a Vegan diet?

A

Yes it is possible, just need more food compared to carnivore/omnivore diet

29
Q

Why is it important to divide protein intake during the 24h

A

To maximise MPS
4x20-30g proteins with at least 2 hours in between the meals = best way to optimize muscle proteins synthesis in the day

30
Q

Why losing weight fast could be problematic?

A

Poluton are produce in the body when we lose weight really fast and go towards organs because kidney don’t have time to pick them up
(farmers and pesticides)

Yo-yo effect, if you lose it fast, you will most likely gain in back fast too
(resting energy expenditure decrease)

31
Q

Why MHO are protected from cardiovascular disease?

A

Cross section image done with MRI
Fat distribution is lower

32
Q

Does the frequency and amplitude of GH secretion decrease at a similar rate throughout the day in older adults as they age?

A

Yes, older adults have similar frequency but the amplitude is lower

33
Q

How do we measure frailty?

A

Functional tests
Questionnaires
Unintentional weight loss (cachexia) (during the last 6 months)

34
Q

Humans are the only species on the planet that become obese except domesticated pets

A

T

35
Q

Is walking speed is a good indicator for functional capacity in older adults?

A

T

36
Q

Is muscle atrophy typically accompanied by both muscle denervation and mitochondrial dysfunction?

A

Yes, not only about MPS, other physiological issues

EXCI 460 (10 decks)

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