sample question Flashcards
T/F A stable isotope have 1 additional neutron
true
T/F Arterio-Venous balance measurements is used to measure the rate of appearance and disappearance of the tracer in the veins and arteries
T
T/F
To study the effect of food on muscle protein synthesis we need multiple muscle biopsies
True, we need before and after at least, so at least 2
Usually in the Vastus lateralis muscle because it’s a big muscle
where does the effect of food on muscle protein synthesis is usually do
vastus lateralis muscle
What is the advantage and the disadvantage to Substrate-Specific tracer vs D2O?
D2O is a free living environment, we can use it on a longer period of time, more use for exercise,
Infuser is more use in nutrition study because we have more control on amount/rate ingest and infused
Infuser more precise but both are efficient
T/F Anabolic resistance is the fact that older adults cannot absorb protein the same way a young individual can?
False, it is a multiple factors problem (hormones secretion…)
True or False?
Muscle atrophy is way much faster compared to muscle hypertrophy and can occur in only 3 days of immobilization?
T
True or False?
The enrichment pool takes about 7 hours to get to the steady state?
False, in around 2 hours you can get to a steady state
What type of contraction create more DOMS?
Eccentric
Going downhill, stopping the mvt
Name 3 tests used to measure recovery
Muscle strength
Algometer
Questionnaires
Circumference
Blood test (inflammation)
True or False?
Aerobic exercise could influence the expression of mTORC via the activation of AMPK
True
mTORC increase muscle synthesis that will lead to increase in m. mass
AMPK leads to a lower expression of mTORC
Impossible to block proteins
Why muscle mass matter?
Bone density
Metabolism
Preventing fall
Functionality
Improve quality of life
What could improve recovery?
Sleep
Hydration
Nutrition
Movement (Active recovery)
True or False?
Stable isotopes are also used to measure energy expenditure
True, doubly labelled water (see notes)
What does increasing muscle protein synthesis do to muscle mass?
Increase muscle mass on the LONG TERM
Bc we increase MPS daily but we don’t build m. mass daily
True or False?
Stable Isotopes could be infused or drank and they are not radioactive
T
True or False?
To study muscle protein synthesis, we absolutely need a muscle biopsy and a stable isotope?
True, to study it directly we need to, there are other methods but not as accurate
True or False?
It takes 6 to 8 weeks to observe a significant increase in muscle mass via an MRI or a DXA scan?
True, can’t observe any changes if you do it less than 6 weeks after
what is the minimum week needed to observe a significant increase in muscle mass via MRI or DXA scan
6 weeks
Does MPB increase when we exercise and why?
Yes, exercise will lead to micro damage to the muscle tissue
Combining protein and exercise you have higher MPS
What is needed to activate mTORC1?
Food, hormones, injecting testosterone, insulin
Why does EAA are important?
We need to get it from an external source (our body isn’t producing it)
Leucine is a EAA
True or False?
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry or GCMS is used to identify compound such as atoms
True,
GCMS is mainly use by the geologist
What acute and chronic dietary and non dietary factors affect MPS?
Acute: Everything you eat protein you stimulate acute effects so nutrition/diet and exercise
Chronic:
Long term proper diet
Long term exercise (multiple days in a row to get the benefits)
Age, Sleep
Hormones
Prolonged inactivity
Do we need additional protein for aerobic athletes?
Yes, compared to sedentary people (1.2 kg/bodyweight)
0.8 for sedentary adults
Older people need similar to aerobic
How do me maximize MPS?
eating protein 20-30g/meal (meal distribution)
Resistance training
True or False?
D3 creatine is another stable isotope used to measure total muscle mass?
True, is used to m. mass from urine
Is it possible to maximize MPS with a Vegan diet?
Yes it is possible, just need more food compared to carnivore/omnivore diet
Why is it important to divide protein intake during the 24h
To maximise MPS
4x20-30g proteins with at least 2 hours in between the meals = best way to optimize muscle proteins synthesis in the day
Why losing weight fast could be problematic?
Poluton are produce in the body when we lose weight really fast and go towards organs because kidney don’t have time to pick them up
(farmers and pesticides)
Yo-yo effect, if you lose it fast, you will most likely gain in back fast too
(resting energy expenditure decrease)
Why MHO are protected from cardiovascular disease?
Cross section image done with MRI
Fat distribution is lower
Does the frequency and amplitude of GH secretion decrease at a similar rate throughout the day in older adults as they age?
Yes, older adults have similar frequency but the amplitude is lower
How do we measure frailty?
Functional tests
Questionnaires
Unintentional weight loss (cachexia) (during the last 6 months)
Humans are the only species on the planet that become obese except domesticated pets
T
Is walking speed is a good indicator for functional capacity in older adults?
T
Is muscle atrophy typically accompanied by both muscle denervation and mitochondrial dysfunction?
Yes, not only about MPS, other physiological issues
