chap 19

Question 1

aging can be defined as

Answer 1

the time-related deterioration of the physiological functions necessary for survival and fertility. The characteristics of aging—as distinguished from diseases of aging (such as cancer and heart disease)—affect all the individuals of a species.

Question 2

according to WHO old is around

Answer 2

65

Question 3

according to gerontologist old age start from

Answer 3

age of 50

Question 4

difference between biological and functional age

Answer 4

Biological age tests require
blood and DNA analysis.

Functional age tests compliment biological age tests by validating that a person can actually function at the indicated age.

Question 5

definition of frailty

Answer 5

Frailty is most often defined asan aging-related syndrome of physiological decline, characterized by marked vulnerability to adverse health outcomes.

Question 6

what happen with older individual when they have less social interaction

Answer 6

less time outside -> increase dependance

Question 7

how to measure frailty

Answer 7

Physical
Questionnaires
Scans
Performance

Question 8

a score of what is required for a diagnosis of frailty in physical performance test

Answer 8

<5 of 12

Question 9

what are the 5 criteria to meet that indicate fraitly

Answer 9

– Unintentional weight loss in the past year
– Slow walking speed
– Low stamina
– Weakness/tiredness
– Reduced physical activities

Question 10

what is gaitrite

Answer 10

assessment of walking cadence, length, speed

Question 11

what happen with walking and speed with aging

Answer 11

decrease

Question 12

step length difference in old vs young individual

Answer 12

older individual need to do twice the number of step to do as munch distance as younger individual

Question 13

People with a walking speed of less than _m/s rely on members who live with them for everyday tasks such as shopping, using tools and even getting dressed.

Answer 13

0.6

Question 14

People with a walking speed of less than _m/s spend most of their time at home.

Answer 14

0.4

Question 15

People with a walking speed of less than _m/s are often found in nursing homes with intensive care.

Answer 15

0.15

Question 16

do muscle mass affect gait speed

Answer 16

yes higher mass = higher gait speed

Question 17

physical limitation of obesity

Answer 17

Physical limitations:
Difficulty flexing and extending the lower limb
Gait cycle imbalance
More effort for the same distance traveled
Higher stress on joints

Question 18

why Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s decrease walking speed and increase the risk of falls.

Answer 18

periventricular lesion of white matter in the brain

Question 19

what are the 4 gait test

Answer 19

4m walking test
6 minute walk
Time up and go
Double task test

Question 20

what can the double task test can indicate during gait test

Answer 20

if you ask a math question when they are walking, if they stop to think about it -> they have more chance of mortality in the following year

Question 21

tips to perform the 4m walking test

Answer 21

1. Make sure that the participant is autonomous.
2. The space is safe.
3. Do not inform the participant about the recorded distance
4. Repeat the test twice to be sure the value is correct

Question 22

what is the 6MWT

Answer 22

Walk test for 6 or 12 minutes

Healthy person: between 400m and 700m
For a clinically significant improvement for the patient: +70m

Boundaries:
Requires a lot of space
Lack of sensitivity

Question 23

which test can measure the dynamic balance in elderly

Answer 23

timed up and go

Question 24

timed up and go allow to test what

Answer 24

people at risk of falling
asses walking speed and functional mobility

Question 25

how to do the timed up and go test

Answer 25

1. sit on a chair (make sur patient doesn’t use their hands for support)
2. count to 3 to start
3. walk until you reach the cone, turn around and come back
4. timer stop when the patient presses their back on the chair

Question 26

if the patient performed the test timed up and go in less than 13.5s what does in means

Answer 26

Low risk of falling; the person has good walking speed and good functional mobility

Question 27

if the patient performed the test timed up and go in more than 13.5s what does in means

Answer 27

High risk of falling; the person does not have good walking speed or good functional mobility

Question 28

which test is a good predictor for fall in elderly, frail

Answer 28

double task

Question 29

what are the boundaries/limitation of double task test

Answer 29

The evaluator with less experience cannot always know if there is a stoppage or not
Slow walking can be problematic
The results do not predict the risk of falls in people with Parkinson’s