chap 19 Flashcards
aging can be defined as
the time-related deterioration of the physiological functions necessary for survival and fertility. The characteristics of aging—as distinguished from diseases of aging (such as cancer and heart disease)—affect all the individuals of a species.
according to WHO old is around
65
according to gerontologist old age start from
age of 50
difference between biological and functional age
Biological age tests require
blood and DNA analysis.
Functional age tests compliment biological age tests by validating that a person can actually function at the indicated age.
definition of frailty
Frailty is most often defined asan aging-related syndrome of physiological decline, characterized by marked vulnerability to adverse health outcomes.
what happen with older individual when they have less social interaction
less time outside -> increase dependance
how to measure frailty
Physical
Questionnaires
Scans
Performance
a score of what is required for a diagnosis of frailty in physical performance test
<5 of 12
what are the 5 criteria to meet that indicate fraitly
– Unintentional weight loss in the past year
– Slow walking speed
– Low stamina
– Weakness/tiredness
– Reduced physical activities
what is gaitrite
assessment of walking cadence, length, speed
what happen with walking and speed with aging
decrease
step length difference in old vs young individual
older individual need to do twice the number of step to do as munch distance as younger individual
People with a walking speed of less than _m/s rely on members who live with them for everyday tasks such as shopping, using tools and even getting dressed.
0.6
People with a walking speed of less than _m/s spend most of their time at home.
0.4
People with a walking speed of less than _m/s are often found in nursing homes with intensive care.
0.15
do muscle mass affect gait speed
yes higher mass = higher gait speed
physical limitation of obesity
Physical limitations:
Difficulty flexing and extending the lower limb
Gait cycle imbalance
More effort for the same distance traveled
Higher stress on joints
why Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s decrease walking speed and increase the risk of falls.
periventricular lesion of white matter in the brain
what are the 4 gait test
4m walking test
6 minute walk
Time up and go
Double task test
what can the double task test can indicate during gait test
if you ask a math question when they are walking, if they stop to think about it -> they have more chance of mortality in the following year
tips to perform the 4m walking test
- Make sure that the participant is autonomous.
- The space is safe.
- Do not inform the participant about the recorded distance
- Repeat the test twice to be sure the value is correct
what is the 6MWT
Walk test for 6 or 12 minutes
Healthy person: between 400m and 700m
For a clinically significant improvement for the patient: +70m
Boundaries:
Requires a lot of space
Lack of sensitivity
which test can measure the dynamic balance in elderly
timed up and go
timed up and go allow to test what
people at risk of falling
asses walking speed and functional mobility
how to do the timed up and go test
- sit on a chair (make sur patient doesn’t use their hands for support)
- count to 3 to start
- walk until you reach the cone, turn around and come back
- timer stop when the patient presses their back on the chair
if the patient performed the test timed up and go in less than 13.5s what does in means
Low risk of falling; the person has good walking speed and good functional mobility
if the patient performed the test timed up and go in more than 13.5s what does in means
High risk of falling; the person does not have good walking speed or good functional mobility
which test is a good predictor for fall in elderly, frail
double task
what are the boundaries/limitation of double task test
The evaluator with less experience cannot always know if there is a stoppage or not
Slow walking can be problematic
The results do not predict the risk of falls in people with Parkinson’s