SAM 2020 Flashcards
risk factors of plantar fasciitis
Body mass index > 27 kg per m2 Excessive running Intrinsic foot and calf muscle tightness Leg length discrepancy Occupations requiring prolonged standing or walking Pes cavus (high arch) Pes planus (excessive foot pronation) Reduced ankle dorsiflexion Sedentary lifestyle
management of plantar fasciitis
stretching of the plantar fascia
ice packing
massage
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
ddx (skeletal conditions) of plantar fasciitis
skeletal causes: acute calcaneal fracture bone tumor Calcaneal apophysitis (Sever disease) calcaneal stress fracture spondyloarthropathies
soft tissue condition: Achilles tendinitis Tarsal tunnel syndrome Fat pad contusion Plantar fibroma Retrocalcaneal bursitis
antihypertensive safe for breastfeeding
- labetalol
- extended release nifedipine
- methyldopa
- captopril
- enalapril
Modifiable risk factors of CRC
- obesity
- sedentary lifestyle
- diet high in processed meat or calories
- excessive EtOH intake
- excessive smoking
- control diabetes
hereditary conditions causing increased CRC
Familiar noncancerous polyposis
Lynch syndrome
topical treatment for rosacea
topical metronidazole
topical azelaic acid
topical ivermectin
definition of significant weight loss in elderly
reduction of 5% weight in 1 months or
reduction of 10% in 6 months
Etiology of elderly weight loss
- side effect of meds or treatment (C/T, R/T, dialysis)
- malignancy
- CHF, COPD, CKD
- pain
- wandering, dementia, or psychiatric conditions
- emotional or psychological problem (anxiety, depression, delusions)
- impaired cognitive or physical functions
- GI disease (malabsorption, GERD, constipation, N/V)
- Endo: hypo- hyper- thyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, hypoandrenalism
- oral health: poorly fit denture, diseased mucosa
- swallowing disorder
- loss appetite or early satiety
- social factors: isolation, poverty, food prep access
instructions of loperamide for traveler’s diarrhea
- Do not take it with dysentery (diarrhea with blood)
- seek medical attention if no improvement in 24-48 hrs
20) classic symptoms of Meniere disease
vertigo attack
unilateral hearing loss
tinnitus
aural fullness
treatment (pharm and non-pharm) for Meniere disease
dietary salt restriction
stress reduction
betahistine
diuretics
reproducible vertigo symptoms with certain head movement
Meniere disease attacks are not reproducible by specific head movements
driving instructions for patient diagnosed with Meniere disease
people with MD can drive provided they have enough warning before attacks (drop attacks)
should not drive if experiencing Drop Attacks (Tumarkin otolith crisis)
Causes of chronic non-bloody diarrhea +/- weight loss
- IBS
- IBD
- malabsorption (celiac, lactose intolerance)
- chronic infection (esp. immunocompromised pt): bacterial, mycobacterial, parasitic
Risk factors for torsade include the following
Congenital long QT syndrome
Female gender
Acquired long QT syndrome (causes of which include medications and electrolyte disorders such as hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia)
Bradycardia
Baseline electrocardiographic abnormalities
Renal or liver failure
Risk factors for torsade include the following
Congenital long QT syndrome
Female gender
Acquired long QT syndrome (causes of which include medications and electrolyte disorders such as hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia)
Bradycardia
Baseline electrocardiographic abnormalities
Renal or liver failure
Medications causing QT prolongation
anti-arrhythmic
- amiodarone
- Quinidine
anti-depressant
- Fluoxetine (SSRI)
- TCA (amitriptyline)
- Doxepin
- Venlafaxine
antibiotics
- quinolone (Levofloxacin)
- macrolide (Clarithromycin)
anti-psychotics
- Haloperidol
Medications causing QT prolongation
anti-arrhythmic
- amiodarone
- Quinidine
anti-depressant
- fluoxetine (SSRI)
- TCA (amitriptyline)
- doxepin
- venlafaxine
antibiotics
- Levofloxacin
- macrolide (clarithromycin)
anti-psychotics
- haloperidol
triptan
Medications causing QT prolongation
anti-arrhythmic
- amiodarone
- Quinidine
anti-depressant
- fluoxetine (SSRI)
- TCA (amitriptyline)
- doxepin
- venlafaxine
antibiotics
- Levofloxacin
- macrolide (clarithromycin)
anti-psychotics
- haloperidol
triptan
Causes of secondary Raynaud phenomenon
- mixed connective tissue disease (85%)
- systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) - 90%
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- rheumatoid arthritis
- Sjögren syndrome
- polymyositis
treatment of primary Raynaud phenomenon
Conservative: - LSM avoidance of precipitating factors use of gloves education warming of the affected body part cessation of vasoconstricting agents such as nicotine
PHARM: calcium channel blocker treatment; nifedipine is the usual choice Topical nitroglycerin (1% or 2%) has been found to help if applied locally
secondary Raynaud phenomenon
- Conservative measures: less effective
- Pharmacologic options for secondary Raynaud phenomenon: including calcium channel blockers and prostacyclin analogues
how to differentiate primary and secondary Raynaud phenomenon
nail fold capillary changes under Nailfold dermatoscopy
antibiotics choice for simple MRSA skin infection (not perineal, not peri-rectal, no paronychia)
- Septra (TMP/SMX)
- clindamycin
Oral antibiotic options for treating skin and soft-tissue infections in patients with community-associated MRSA
- clindamycin
- trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX; Bactrim, Septra)
- tetracycline (doxycycline or minocycline [Minocin])
- linezolid (Zyvox)
risk factors of skin MRSA infection
recent antibiotics use contact sports group housing low SES IVDU
Who should not be prescribed tetracyclines ? List TWO patient populations.
- pregnant women
- children under 8 years
When considering the treatment plan for this patient
- monotherapy NOT recommended
- limit antibiotic use to shortest possible duration
- concomitant treatment with topical agents
What are the cardinal symptoms of ADHD? List FOUR
- inattention
- impulsiveness
- hyperactivity
- forgetfulness
- distractibility
- poor academic performance
- behavioural problems
You want to obtain a more detailed history of this patient so you inquire about the mother’s
pregnancy with the patient. What are the prenatal risk factors for this condition? List TWO
- smoking during pregnancy
- prenatal alcohol exposure
- low birth weight
Which comorbidities are often associated with ADHD
- oppositional defiant disorder
- tic disorder
- substance use disorder
- anxiety
- depression
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- learning disorders
- intellectual disability
- prematurity
What are some other differential diagnoses to consider for this condition (ADHD)? List THREE.
- oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
- tic disorder
- substance use disorder
- anxiety
- depression
- learning disorders
- sleep disorders
What is the GREATEST risk factor for ADHD? List ONE.
family history
What are the TWO first-line interventions for ADHD?
- amphetamine
- methylphenidate
What should all patients be screened for prior to taking this medication? State ONE thing.
- risk factors for sudden cardiac death
What are the most common diagnoses and factors on history associated with spontaneous
pneumothorax? List THREE.
- asthma
- emphysematous bleb
- tobacco use
- congenital abnormality
You read in his discharge note from the hospital that he suffered a small pneumothorax. He was
managed with conservative measures. In the case this had been a larger pneumothorax, what other
treatments might have been required? List TWO.
- chest tube placement/drain/catheter placement
(Accept any one) - surgical repair
The parents would like to discuss the consequences of this event for their child’s health. What is the
MOST common complication following a pneumothorax? List ONE.
- recurrence
