old questions Flashcards

Question

Neonate with jaundice, 10 questions to ask mother

Answer 1

``` ∙ Complications during pregnancy ∙ Gestational diabetes ∙ Blood type (for ABO or Rh incompatibility) ∙ Breast feeding or formula ∙ Intake ∙ Birth trauma (cephalohematoma) ∙ Group B Strep status ∙ Infections ∙ Premature? ∙ Medications ∙ When jaundice started (before or after 24 hours) ```

Answer 2

``` ∙ Dehydration ∙ Hyperthermia ∙ Erythematous rash ∙ Loose bowel movements ∙ Retinal degeneration ```

Answer 3

∙ Acute rheumatic fever ∙ acute glomerulonephritis - pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) (The disorders whose symptoms get worse include obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders such as Tourette's syndrome) ** Scarlet fever needs penicillin to treat

Answer 4

penicillin V or amoxicillin for 10 days

Answer 5

``` recurrent: IgA nephropathy, benign familial hematuria, Alport’s syndrome Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis Systemic lupus erythematosus Henoch-Schonlein purpura Goodpasture’s disease ``` ``` Acute pyelonephritis Acute interstitial nephritis Tuberculosis Hematologic (sickle cell disease, coagulopathies von Willebrand’s disease, renal vein thrombosis, thrombocytopenia) ``` Urinary tract Bacterial or viral (adenovirus) infection–related ``` Nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria Structural anomalies, congenital anomalies, polycystic kidney disease Trauma Tumors Exercise Medications ```

Answer 6

``` Common Undetermined Benign familial Idiopathic hypercalciuria IgA nephropathy Sickle cell trait or anemia Transplant ``` ``` Less common Alport nephritis Post-infectious glomerulonephritis Trauma Exercise Nephrolithiasis Henoch-Schonlein purpura ```

Answer 7

classic signs of complete mole - Vaginal bleeding - Hyperemesis - Hyperthyroidism other symptoms: Excessive uterine size Hypertension of pregnancy

Answer 8

mother's age

Answer 9

[most common cause of vaginal discharge, 50% asymptomatic] - transparent/grey thin vaginal discharge - fish odor - NO vulva/ vaginal irritation

Answer 10

Whiff test ++ | saline wet mount shows >20% clue cells

Answer 11

Treat only symptomatic Increase PROM during pregnancy, avoid vaginal route Metronidazole 500mg BID for 7 days OR metronidazole 0.75% cream 5g intravaginally for 5 d

Answer 12

varicella zoster virus (VZV)

Answer 13

- secondary bacterial infection (most common): e.g. pneumonia, pharyngitis, AOM, gastroenteritis - cerebral ataxia - encephalitis - fetal varicella syndrome (for pregnant women)

Answer 14

For immunocompromised persons, pregnant women and exposed infants - varicella-zoster immune globulin, which must be given within 96 hours of exposure to be effective - A one-week course of high-dose acyclovir started early can prevent chickenpox

Answer 15

Pityriasis rosea ``` DDx: secondary syphilis seborrheic dermatitis nummular eczema pityriasis lichenoides chronica tinea corporis viral exanthems lichen planus drug eruption ```

Answer 16

self-limited course within a few months oral antihistamine or topical steroid for symptoms mgt phototherapy for severe cases

Answer 17

- Acne vulgaris - photodermatitis - seborrheic dermatitis - systemic lupus erythematosus - carcinoid syndrome

Answer 18

- avoid triggers - use mild cleansing agents - use photoprotection - topical metronidazole or azelaic acid or brimonidine; for papulopustular rosacea, can try topical ivermectin - ocular rosacea: lid hygiene + artificial tears +/- topical cyclosporine - severe phymatous: oral doxycycline or tetracycline

Answer 19

Respiratory rate < 12 /min | Naloxone 0.4mg IV or 2mg intranasal q4min

Answer 20

- Dextrose: 50mL of D50W or Glucagon 1mg IM - Oxygen: 100% O2 in carbon monoxide poisoning - Naloxone (Narcan): - -- 2mg initially up to 10mg - -- 0.1mg initially doubled every 2 minutes up to 10mg - Thiamine - -- given 100mg IV/IM/PO with 25g dextrose (50mL of D50W) to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy

Answer 21

Given 100mg IV/IM/PO with 25g dextrose (50mL of D50W)

Answer 22

``` Severe birth defects Miscarriage, Stillbirth Photosensitivity Dry skin, severely chapped lips depression, suicidal burning, redness, itching, or other signs of eye inflammation IBD Pruritis Dry mucous membranes nosebleeds Bone or joint pain ```

Answer 23

depends on duration from onset of symptoms = or < 12 hours: Reperfusion goals 1) Door-to-balloon inflation (PCI) goal of 90 min 2) Door-to-needle (fibrinolysis) goal of 30 min

Answer 24

Absolute contraindication: - intracranial hemorrhage - cerebral lesion - malignancy - head/facial trauma < 3 mo - ischemic stroke < 3 mo - active bleeding (excluding menses) - aortic dissection - intracranial/ intraspinal surgery < 2 mo - severe uncontrolled HTN

Answer 25

relative contraindication | - hx poorly controlled HTN