Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Herkimer 2021 > GU/ nephrology > Flashcards

GU/ nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

DDx acute scrotal pain

A
  • testicular torsion
  • torsion of appendage
  • epididymitis
  • strangulated inguinal hernia
  • trauma
  • orchitis (very rare)
  • Henoch-Schonlein purpura
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Henoch-Schönlein purpura triad

A
  • palpable purpura (without thrombocytopenia
  • abdominal pain
  • arthritis

often after episode of upper respiratory tract infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

precipitating factors of testicular torsion

A
  • trauma
  • cryptorchidism
  • congenital deformity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

management of testicular torsion

A

urgently surgical referral

attempt manual detorsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

features of acute epiglottitis

A 
∙ Toxic appearance
∙ High fever 
∙ Sudden onset and Rapid Progression 
∙ Tripod position 
∙ Drooling, dysphagia

∙ Respiratory distress signs (sterna recession/ in-drawing suprasternal or intercostal muscles – use of accessary muscles)
∙ NO barking cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

symptoms of croup

A
  • Acute/rapid onset
  • Barking cough
  • Inspiratory stridor
  • Hoarseness
  • Usually at night
  • Respiratory distress
  • Fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

organisms causes croup

A

∙ Parainfluenza virus

∙ Respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Management of croup

A

∙ Dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg single dose PO

∙ Humidified air or oxygen – blow-by O2, nebulized epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neonate (0-1mo) with meningitis

Organisms (LEG)

A

∙ Group B streptococcus
∙ E coli
∙ Lysteria monocytogenes

Initial antibiotics
∙ Ceftriaxone 200 mg/kg/day divided q6hrs + ampicillin 200 mg/kg/day divided q6hrs - ampicillin + cefotaxime (3rd generation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Newborn (1-23mo) meningitis pathogens

A

SHN

  • S. pneumonia
  • H. influenza
  • N. meningitidis

Empiric Antibiotics: vancomycin + 3rd cephalosporin (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

> 50 y/o meningitis organism

A
  • S. pneumonia
  • N. meningitidis
  • Aerobic gram-negative bacilli

Initial antibiotics: vancomycin + ampicillin + 3rd cephalosporin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diagnostic tests for H. Pylori

A

∙ H. pyrlori serology – check antibody
∙ Urea breath test
∙ Gastroscopy with biopsy and culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment regime of H. Pylori

A 
[CLAMET] for 14 days 
∙ Clarithromycin500mg BID PO 
∙ Amoxicillin 1000mg BID PO
∙ Metronidazole 500mg BID PO
∙ Pantoprazole 40mg (or other PPI) BID PO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conditions associated with temporal arteritis

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Risk factors of testicular cancer

A
  • cryptorchidism (undescended testis)
  • family history of testicular ca
  • personal history of testicular ca
  • age
  • ethnicity (white)
  • infertility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Screening and Investigation for testicular ca

A

NO routine screening for asymptomatic

Ix:
Initial imaging: scrotal ultrasound –> orchiectomy for diagnosis and treatment
lab:
- beta human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) -seminoma
- lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) - seminoma
- alpha fetoprotein (non-seminoma)

Physical exam:

  • testicular exam, both side: mass, firm, tender, swollen, fixed/non-movable areas, not detached from the epididymis)
  • inguinal and supra-clavicular LNs
  • abdomen (intra-abdominal mets)
  • gynecomastia (++ beta hCG tumor)
17
Q

Who should be tested for CKD (asymptomatic)?

A
  • Hypertension
  • DM
  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
  • First degree relative with CKD
  • First nation, Inuit, Metis, or urban indigenous peoples
18
Q

What should be ordered to screen for CKD?

A

eGFR and urine ACR

19
Q

criteria of obesity for Bariatric Surgery

A

1) BMI ≥40 kg/m² OR
2) BMI ≥35 - 40 kg/m² with an obesity (adiposity) related complication OR
3) BMI ≥30 kg/m² with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes

20
Q

criteria of Pharmacological Therapy for obesity

A

1) BMI ≥30kg/m2 OR

2) BMI ≥27 kg/m2 with obesity (adiposity) related complications

21
Q

Pharmacological management for obesity

A

a) . liraglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist)
b) . naltrexone/bupropion (Opioid antagonist/ Dopamine/norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitor)
c) . orlistat (lipase inhibitor)

22
Q

Non-pharmacological management for obesity

A

1) medical nutrition therapy

2) physical activity recommendations

23
Q

pharmacological management for smoking cessation

A

1) Varenicline (Champix)
1) Nicontine replacement therapy
2) Bupropion SR
3) Clonidine
3) Nortriptyline

24
Q

contraindication of Bupropion for smoking cessation

A
  • Seizure disorder
  • Eating disorder
  • MOI inhibitor use
  • Alcohol withdrawal
  • Allergy
  • CYP 2D6 inhibitor use (Fluoxetine, paroxetine)
25
Q

common s/e of bupropion

A
  • elevated BP
  • insomnia
  • dry mouth
26
Q

Cautions of using varenicline for smoking cessation

A
  • renal failure (CrCl <30)
  • depression
  • suicide
    (can still be used for pt with MH)

Herkimer 2021 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions