Salts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the soluble rule?

A

All group 1 and ammonium salts
All nitrates
Most halides except (silver halides, lead halides)
Most sulphates except (lead sulphate, barium sulphate, calcium sulphate)
Insoluble:
Oxides, Hydroxides, Carbonates except group 1 and ammonium

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2
Q

What is the insoluble base + acid method?

A

Heat the acid (increase rate of reaction)
While stirring, add base until no more will disappear (excess base to make sure all acid reacts)
Filter out the excess base (to remove it)

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3
Q

Explain the crystallisation to obtain salts

A

transfer solution to an evaporating basin
heat until crystals just start to form
leave to crystallise
pick out crystals
pat dry with filter paper

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4
Q

Describe method to make soluble salts

A

titration:
- Perform a titration to measure the volume of acid and alkaline that neutralise each other
- Measure out the exact volumes required and mix them together (without indicator)

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5
Q

What is the point of a titration?

A
  • find the concentration of unknown
  • find volume of acid and alkali that exactly neutralise each other
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6
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

an insoluble solid that forms in a solution

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7
Q

How do you make insoluble salts by precipitation?

A
  • mix solutions together in a beaker and stir with a glass rod
  • filter off the precipitate (still get left over solution)
  • rinse the salt with distilled water (washes of left over solution)
    can use water as salt is insoluble
  • pat dry with filter paper
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8
Q

Zinc Sulphate:
soluble?
salt making method?
reactants?

A

soluble: Yes
salt making method: Insoluble base
reactant 1: Zinc oxide
reactant 2: sulphuric acid

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9
Q

Copper Sulphate
soluble?
salt making method?
reactants?

A

soluble: Yes
salt making method: Insoluble base
reactant 1: Copper oxide
reactant 2: Sulphuric acid

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10
Q

Lead Iodide
soluble?
salt making method?
reactants?

A

soluble: No
salt making method: Precipitation
reactant 1: lead nitrate
reactant 2: potassium iodide

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11
Q

Calcium Sulphate
soluble?
salt making method?
reactants?

A

soluble: No
salt making method: Precipitation
reactant 1: calcium nitrate
reactant 2: sodium sulphate

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