Organic I

Question 1

What is crude oil?

Answer 1

a mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 2

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

a compound made of hydrogen and carbon only

Question 3

Explain the fractional distillation of crude oil

Answer 3

vaporised crude oil rises, it cools and condenses depending on boiling point, producing fractions

Question 4

What are refinery gases used for?

Answer 4

fuels to heat or cook

Question 5

What is gasoline used for?

Answer 5

fuel for cars

Question 6

What is kerosene used for?

Answer 6

fuel for aircraft

Question 7

What is diesel used for?

Answer 7

fuel for lorries/trains

Question 8

What is fuel oil used for?

Answer 8

fuel for ships

Question 9

What is bitumen used for?

Answer 9

roads

Question 10

Place the fractions of crude oil in order of bp, RFM, colour, viscosity, solubility

Answer 10

bp, RFM and viscosity increases down line, colour gets darker down line, solubility decreases:

Refinery gases
gasoline
kerosene
diesel
fuel oil
bitumen

Question 11

What is a functional group?

Answer 11

part of a molecule responsible for the chemical properties

Question 12

What is a homologous series?

Answer 12

a family of compounds with the same functional group
(similar chemical properties, trend in physical properties)

Question 13

What is the general formula an alkane?

Answer 13

Cn H2n+2

Question 14

What is an alkane?

Answer 14

saturated hydrocarbon
saturated = no c=c

Question 15

List the alkanes

Answer 15

methane - CH₄
ethane - C₂H₆
propane - C₃H₈
butane - C₄H₁₀
pentane - C₅H₁₂

Question 16

What are isomers?

Answer 16

molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 17

What is cracking?

Answer 17

process of breaking long chain of hydrocarbons into shorter ones

Question 18

Advantages of cracking?

Answer 18

shorter chains are more useful and in higher demand
also produce alkenes (used to make polymers)

Question 19

What is the catalyst used in cracking?

Answer 19

aluminium oxide

Question 20

What is the temperature used for cracking?

Answer 20

650ºC

Question 21

What is produced in the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?

Answer 21

carbon monoxide
water

Question 22

Sulphur is an impurity in crude oil, why is this a problem for the environment?

Answer 22

When fuel is burned, sulphur dioxide produced which dissolves into rain water causing acid rain

Question 23

Why is carbon monoxide poisonous to humans?

Answer 23

blood cant carry as much oxygen

Question 24

What is the general formula for an alkene?

Answer 24

CnH2n

Question 25

What is an alkene?

Answer 25

unsaturated hydrocarbon has c=c

Question 26

What does saturated mean?

Answer 26

has no c=c

Question 27

list the alkenes

Answer 27

ethene - C₂H₄ propene - C₃H₆ but-1-ene - C₄H₈ but-2-ene - C₄H₈

Question 28

describe a test to show that a hydrocarbon is unsaturated

Answer 28

add bromine water turns from orange to colourless (uses uv light as alkanes are not reactive enough without it)

Question 29

What is a polymer?

Answer 29

long chain molecule made up of repeating units (monomers)

Question 30

What is a monomer?

Answer 30

small reactive molecules (usually an alkene) which when added together form a polymer

Question 31

What is addition polymerisation?

Answer 31

a type of polymerisation that occurs by the monomer being continuously added onto the end of a polymer chain

Question 32

What are the issues of disposing polymers?

Answer 32

don't break down easily

Question 33

How can you dispose of polymers?

Answer 33

incinerate landfill reuse, recycle

Question 34

Where does poly(ethene) come from?

Answer 34

crude oil