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Atmosphere and acids Flashcards

1
Q

What is an indicator?

A

a substance that changes colour in acid, alkali, neutral

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2
Q

What colour is an acid in methyl orange?

A

red

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3
Q

What colour is an acid in phenolphthalein?

A

colourless

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4
Q

What colour is an acid in universal indicator?

A

red

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5
Q

What colour is an acid in blue litmas?

A

red

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6
Q

What colour is an acid in red litmus?

A

red

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7
Q

What colour is neutral in methyl orange?

A

yellow

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8
Q

What colour is neutral in phenolphthalein?

A

colourless

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9
Q

What colour is neutral in universal indicator?

A

green

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10
Q

What colour is neutral in blue litmas?

A

blue

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11
Q

What colour is neutral in red litmas?

A

red

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12
Q

What colour is alkali in methyl orange?

A

orange/yellow

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13
Q

What colour is alkali in phenolphthalein?

A

pink

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14
Q

What colour is alkali in universal indicator?

A

dark blue

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15
Q

What colour is alkali in blue litmas?

A

blue

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16
Q

What colour is alkali in red litmas?

A

blue

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17
Q

Universal indicator:
acid?

A

1-6
strong acid = 1-3

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18
Q

Universal indicator:
neutral?

A

7

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19
Q

Universal indicator:
alkaline?

A

8-16
strong alkaline = 12-16

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20
Q

Examples of weak acid, strong acid, neutral, weak alkaline, strong alkali?

A

strong acid = sulphuric, batteries
weak acid = fruit
neutral = water, blood
weak alkaline = soap
strong alkaline = bleach

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21
Q

What is the composition of air, no water vapour?

A

nitrogen = 78%
oxygen = 21%
argon = 0.9%
carbon dioxide = 0.04%
other gases = trace amounts

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22
Q

Copper + oxygen = copper oxide
what happens in syringe?

A

heat (brown) copper
(black) copper oxide formed (greater mass than copper)
volume of air decreases as oxygen is used up

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23
Q

Copper + oxygen = copper oxide
Why does the pile of copper oxide turn black?

A

has been oxidised
reacted with oxygen and produced copper (II) oxide

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24
Q

Copper + oxygen = copper oxide
Why should syringe be cooled before measuring volume?

A

gases expand when heated therefore letting it cool = more accurate result

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25
Q

Copper + oxygen = copper oxide
Why might we not get 21%

A

not all oxygen reacts (less than 21%)
leak in equipment lets in more air

26
Q

What is the fire triangle?

A

fuel + oxygen + heat

27
Q

What is combustion?

A

when a substance reacts with oxygen

28
Q

Substance + oxygen -> ?

29
Q

Element + oxygen -> ?

30
Q

metals + oxygen -> ?

A

metal oxide

31
Q

non-metal + oxygen -> ?

A

non-metal dioxide

32
Q

metal oxide + water = ?

A

alkaline solution

33
Q

non-metal dioxide + water = ?

A

acidic solution

34
Q

How does magnesium react with pure oxygen?

A

bright white light
cloudy solution
UI = green/blue, alkaline

35
Q

How does carbon react with pure oxygen?

A

orange flame
UI = yellow, acidic

36
Q

How does iron react with pure oxygen?

A

orange glow
UI = green
insoluble

37
Q

How does sulphur react with pure oxygen?

A

blue flame
UI = red, very acidic

38
Q

Why do materials burn better in oxygen than air?

A

More oxygen available in pure oxygen
Greater chance of reaction happening

39
Q

Definition of acid?

A

H⁺ donor

40
Q

Definition of base?

A

H⁺ acceptor

41
Q

Definition of alkali?

A

OH⁻ donor
(soluble hydroxides)
Give up OH⁻ when dissolved in water

42
Q

What are bases?

A

Metal oxides
Ammonium oxides
Metal hydroxides
Ammonium hydroxides
Ammonia (as a gas)
Metal carbonate

43
Q

What are alkalis?

A

NaOH (sodium hydroxide)
KOH (potassium hydroxide)
NH₄OH (ammonium hydroxide)

44
Q

Hydrochloric acid formula?

45
Q

Nitric acid formula?

46
Q

Sulphuric acid formula?

47
Q

Phosphoric acid formula?

48
Q

sulphuric acid + sodium hydroxide -> ?

A

sodium sulphate

49
Q

nitric acid + potassium hydroxide -> ?

A

potassium nitrate

50
Q

citric acid + copper oxide -> ?

A

copper citrate

51
Q

Order Mg Zn Cu and Pb in order of reactivity

52
Q

Metal + acid -> ?

A

hydrogen + salt
metal gets smaller/ disappear
squeaky pop/ effervescence

53
Q

Magnesium + sulphuric acid -> ?

A

hydrogen + magnesium sulphate
Mg displaces H₂

54
Q

Copper + sulphuric acid -> ?

A

no reaction
Cu is less reactive than H₂ so can’t displace

55
Q

What are the solubility rules?

A

Soluble:
All group 1, ammonium salts and nitrates
Most halides except:
silver and lead
most sulphates except:
lead, barium, calcium
Insoluble:
Oxides, hydroxides, carbonates except:
group 1 and ammonium

56
Q

acid + base -> ?

A

salt + water
if solid, salt will disappear
water shows neutralisation

57
Q

How do you make crystals from an acid and base?

A

Heat acid (to speed up reaction)
Add excess base (all of acid reacts)
Filter out excess base
Heat until crystals just start to form
Leave to crystallise

58
Q

acid + metal carbonate -> ?

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide
metal carbonate disappears as it reacts
CO₂ = effervescence

59
Q

test for water?

A

anhydrous copper sulphate turns from white to blue

60
Q

acid + alkali -> ?

A

salt + water

61
Q

ammonia in solution =

Chemistry (18 decks)

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