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z-chemistry > salts > Flashcards

salts Flashcards

1
Q

definition of salts

A

is an ionic compound when the hydrogen ion of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or ammonium ion

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2
Q

what are the reactions of acid

A

acid + metal
acid + carbonate
acid + base

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3
Q

acid + metal =

A

salt + hydrogen gas

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4
Q

acid + carbonate =

A

salt + carbon dioxide + water

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5
Q

acid + base =

A

salt + water

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6
Q

base are recognised by

A

oxides or hydroxides

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7
Q

how to name the salts?

A

take the M/B/S name + metal (ends with ‘ate’ ‘ide’ etc)

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8
Q

SPAN are… salts

A

soluble

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9
Q

all carbonates are… salts. except…

A

insoluble

sodium, potassium and ammonium

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10
Q

all chlorides are… salts. except…

A

soluble

lead (ll) and silver

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11
Q

all sulfates are… salts. except…

A

soluble

calcium, lead and barium

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12
Q

all metal oxides and hydroxides are… . except

A

insoluble

Sodium Potassium Calcium Ammonium

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13
Q

what are the 3 methods of salt preparation

A

crystallisation
titration
precipitation

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14
Q

the equation of crystallisation

A

(s) + (aq) = (aq)

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15
Q

the equation of titration

A

(aq) + (aq) = (aq)

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16
Q

the equation of precipitation

A

(aq) + (aq) = (s)

17
Q

which method(s) produce soluble salts

A

titration and crystallisation

18
Q

which method(s) produce insoluble salts

A

precipitation

19
Q

which method(s) use acid reactions and which method(s) don’t?

A

titration and crystallisation uses acid reactions

precipitation do not use acid reactions

20
Q

what are the 3 common acids

A

hydrochloric acid
nitric acid
sulfuric acid

21
Q

chemical formula of
hydrochloric acid
nitric acid
sulfuric acid

A

hydrochloric acid - HCI
nitric acid - HNO₃
sulfuric acid - H₂SO₄

22
Q

explain the crystallisation method

A

add excess metal/ insoluble oxide until no more effervescence is observed. reaction is complete
filter the mixture to remove excess insoluble oxide etc
heat the filtrate till saturated
let it cool for pure crystals to form
wash with a little cold distilled water
dry between filter papers

23
Q

in crystallisation method, why do we add excess insoluble oxide

A

to use up all the acid

24
Q

what is the test and the result of hydrogen

A

test: place a lighted splint into the mouth of the test tube
result: lighted split extinguishes with a pop sound

25
Q

what is the test and the result of carbon dioxide

A

test: bubble gas into lime water
result: formed white ppt in lime water

26
Q

what is the test and the result of ammonia

A

test: place moist red litmus paper at the mouth of test tube
result: turns moist ed litmus paper to blue

27
Q

what is the test and the result of oxygen

A

test: place glowing splint in the path of gas
result: relights glowing splint

28
Q

what is the test and the result of sulfur dioxide

A

test: place 1 piece of filter paper soaked with acidified potassium magonate (VII)
result: from purple to colourless

29
Q

what is the test and the result of chlorine

A

test: place moist blue litmus paper in gas
result: turns moist blue litmus paper into red and further bleaches it

30
Q

explain the precipitation method

A

add two aqueous reagents together and stir until no more precipitate is formed
filter mixture to obtain the residue
wash the residue with a little distilled water to remove impurities
dry the precipitate between filter papers

31
Q

explain the titration method

A

pipette 25.0 cm cube of soluble salt (eg sodium nitrate) and add two drops of indicator = solution turns yellow
fill a burette with nitric acid. while swirling the flask, add acid into the solution = turn orange permanently.
record the volume of acid needed to cause the colour change!!!!
repeat the titration and add the same vol. of dilute nitric acid but without adding the indicator
then heat the filtrate until saturated
allow saturated solutions to cool so that crystals can form
filter to collect crystals as residue
wash with a little cold distilled water
dry between filter papers

32
Q

salts always contain…

A

cations and anions

z-chemistry (15 decks)

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