acids and bases Flashcards
define acid
acid produces hydrogen ions, H+, when they are dissolved in water
define base
metal oxides or metal hydroxide that reacts with acids to produce salt and water
define alkali
a soluble base which produces hydroxide ions, OH−, when dissolved in water
what are the 3 common acids
hydrochloric acid
nitric acid
sulfuric acid
hydrochloric acid formula
HCl
nitric acid formula
HNO₃
sulfuric acid formula
H₂SO₄
what is the chemical name of HNO₃
nitric acid
what is the chemical name of HCl
hydrochloric acid
what is the chemical name of H₂SO₄
sulfuric acid
name the 4 common alkalis
Calcium hydroxide
Ammonium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide
calcium hydroxide formula
Ca(OH)₂
ammonium hydroxide formula
NH₄OH
potassium hydroxide formula
KOH
sodium hydroxide formula
NaOH
what is the chemical name of NH₄OH
ammonium hydroxide
what is the chemical name of NaOH
sodium hydroxide
what is the chemical name of Ca(OH)₂
calcium hydroxide
what is the chemical name of KOH
potassium hydroxide
what are the physical properties of acids
taste sour ph <7 blue litmus paper turns red conducts electricity in an aqueous state corrosive
what are the physical properties of alkalis
taste bitter
ph >7
red litmus paper turns blue
conducts electricity in an aqueous state
acid + metal —–>
salt + hydrogen
acid + base —–>
salt + water
acid + carbonate —–>
salt + CO2 + H2O
alkali + acid —–>
salt + water
alkali + ammonia salt —–>
salt + ammonia + H2O
how to test hydrogen if it is present
and its result
put lighted splint into gas
lighted splint will extinguish with a pop sound
how to test CO2 if it is present
and its result
bubble gas in limewater
white ppt. is formed
how to test ammonia if it is present
and its result
put a moist red litmus paper into gas
moist red litmus paper turns blue
why does the ammonia test need a moist red litmus paper
because alkali need to dissolve in water to produce OH
basic oxide reacts with…
acid
amphoteric oxide reacts with…
acid and base
acid oxide reacts with…
base
neutral oxide does not react acids with…
acid nor base
what are the 3 amphoteric base
Zinc oxide
Aluminium oxide
Lead (ll) oxide
acid oxide consists of how much oxygen
2 or more oxygen
neutral oxide consists of how much oxygen
only 1 oxygen
what does this symbol mean
(g) :
(s) :
(l) :
(aq) :
g) : gas
(s) : solid
(l) : liquid
(aq) : aqueous
difference between (l) and (aq)
(l) is melted/ molten
(aq) dissolved subs into water
base is also known as…
metal oxide or
metal hydroxide
