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Microbio 2 > Salmonella and Shigella > Flashcards

Salmonella and Shigella Flashcards

1
Q

what family is salmonella apart of?

A

enterobacteriaciae

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2
Q

what is the general morphology of salmonella?

A

gram - rods

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3
Q

where in the body does salmonella affect?

A

GI tract

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4
Q

what are the 3 distinguishable syndromes related to salmonella?

A

typhoid/enteric fever- S. typhi

septicemia- S. cholerasuis

acute gastroenteritis- S enteriditis or S typhimurium

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5
Q

S typhi

A

causes typhoid fever- common in developing world

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6
Q

S typhi incubation period

A

7-14 days

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7
Q

S typhi symptoms

A

episodic fever, bradycardia, rose spot, leukopenia, enlarged liver and spleen

intestinal hemorrhage or perforation during late stages

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8
Q

describe S Typhi lifecycle in the body

A

infects orally. resistant to acid killing. adhesins attach to intestinal epithelium.

eaten by macrophages. survives in lysosome. kills macrophage and spreads to blood, liver, spleen via lymph.

infection in blood causes fever and shock. can reinvade intestine from gall bladder

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9
Q

S typhi pathogenicity islands

A

SPI-1 - invasion; SPI-2- survival

SPI-1- type 3 secretion system- secretion where a protein moves across bacterial and host cell membranes in injecition needle. In Salmonella, delivers toxins that induce membrane ruffling via actin

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10
Q

virulence factors for S typhi

A

pathogenicity islands and Gram - LPS containing endotoxin

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11
Q

S typhi diagnosis

A

1st week- stool culture
2/3 week- blood cultures (symptomatic patients)
3+ week- blood and stool

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12
Q

s typhi treatment

A

fluoroquinolones or 3rd generation cephlosporins

chronic gall bladder infection treated with ampicillin/fluroquinolones or resection

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13
Q

what antigen exists only on S typhi

A

V1- polysaccharide capsule

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14
Q

S typhi vaccines

A

both against v1 Ag

Ty21a- oral, 4 doses, must be 6, booster needed every 5 years, need 1 week before exposure

ViCPS- injection, 1 dose, booster needed every 2 years, must be 2, need 2 weeks before exposure

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15
Q

S cholerasuis infection method

A

oral- from swine

infectious dose- 1000

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16
Q

S cholerasuis incubation period

A

6-72 hours

17
Q

S cholerasuis signs/symptoms

A

high fever, bacteremia, gastroenteritis, microabcesses in any tissue

18
Q

S enteriditis and S typhimurium infection routes

A

most common salmonella infections in US

EGGS, poultry, pork, dog food, fruits/veggies, pets, sandboxes

19
Q

S enteriditis and S typhimurium symptoms

A

diarrhea, headache, chills, vomitting, fever

very rarely progresses to blood

20
Q

S enteriditis and S typhimurium incubatoin and duration

A

8-48 hr incubation

1-4 day duration

21
Q

S enteriditis and S typhimurium virulence factors

A

LPS release

T3SS

toxins that promote inflammation and secretion

22
Q

diagnostic features of salmonella

A

isolation in feces

ferment glucose, oxidase negative, reduce nitrate

does not ferment lactose (MacConkey or EMB Agar)

motile

urease negative

indole negative

23
Q

Shigella types

A

S dysenteriae- developing world

S flexneri- common in US and developing countries

S sonnei- most common in US

S boydii- common in india

24
Q

shigella infection types

A

food, fingers, feces, flies

children under 10 more susceptible

25
Q

shigella symptoms

A

fever (LPS), diarrhea (bloody/mucus), abdominal cramps

bacteremia rare

self limiting

hemolytic uremic syndrome associated w/ dysenteriae

26
Q

shigella pathogenesis

A

low infectious dose- 100
acid tolerance
incubation 1-4 days

invades ileum and colon. phagocytozed but escapes via causing apoptosis

IL-1 and TNF from monocytic cells causes fever

diarrhea b/c poor fluid uptake, ulceration d/t shiga toxin (dysenteriae)

27
Q

shiga toxin

A

exotoxin- A/B subunits

A- interferes w/ 60S ribosome subunit
B- intestinal adherence

28
Q

shigella treatment

A

fluid replacement, antibiotics only in severe cases

29
Q

diagnosis of shigella

A

cant from symptoms

isolation from feces- PMNs indicative of disease

no gas w/ glucose fermentation
no lactose fermentation
no H2S
non motile (no H antigen)
urease negative
indole negative
30
Q

shigella vaccine

A

none

Microbio 2 (9 decks)

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