Chlamydia

Question 1

why is chlamydia an obligate intracellular pathogen

Answer 1

cannot make ATP and thus depends on host cell ATP

Question 2

describe two stages of chlamydia life cycle

Answer 2

elementary bodies- small, non multiplying w/ rigid cell wall. transmits infection from cell to cell or person to person

initial bodies (reticulate bodies)- larger, actively multiplyng, lacks rigid wall, non infectious

Question 3

describe gram stain of chlamydia

Answer 3

gram indeterminant

Question 4

describe the intracellular growth cycle of chlamydia

Answer 4

elementary bodies enter by phagocytosis (can enter not phagocytotic)

during 1st 24 hours, elementary bodies lose cell walls and become initial bodies

binary fission occurs. some progeny revert back to elementary bodies

Question 5

3 classifications of chlamydia

Answer 5

chlamydphilia psittaci- causes psittiacosis- 1 serotype

chlamydophilia pneumoniae- causes pneumonia- 1 serotype

chlamydia trachmatis- many serotypes- trachoma, lymphogranuloma, pneumonia, urethritis

Question 6

chlamydophilia psittaci infection

Answer 6

parasite of birds- causes subclinical infection w/ constant fecal excretion

humans acquire by inhaling bird feces

Question 7

chlamydophilia psittaci symptoms

Answer 7

can travel in the blood- causes fever and headache- causes interstitial pneumonia

Question 8

chlamydophilia pneumonia causes….

Answer 8

causes significant portion of pneumonia in adults

atypical pneumonia

Question 9

chlamydophilia pneumonia transmission

Answer 9

spread person to person w/ respiratory aerosols

Question 10

chlamydophilia pneumonia is associated w/ what other disease

Answer 10

atherosclerosis

Question 11

chlamydia trachomatis D-K causes…

Answer 11

nongonococcal urethritis

many males are asymptomatic. disease causes purulent urethral discharge

increases liklihood of HIV b/c it draws immune cells into genital areas

Question 12

complications of chlamydia trachomatis nongonoccal urethritis

Answer 12

sometimes causes more serious disease involving epididimus or fallopian tubes

can cause sterlility or ectotopic pregnancy

Question 13

chlamydia trachomatis D-K in infants

Answer 13

infected women (symptomsatic or no) give birth to child and child gets inclusion conjunctivitis

could also cause chlamydia pneumonia

in adults, inclusion conjunctivits can be an STD

Question 14

chlamydia trachomatis trachoma

Answer 14

causes by serotypes A B C

eye infection- mechanical transmission (finger to eye or flies in the eyes)

chronic reinfection of conjuctiva causes infolding of eyelashes that results in corneal scarring and blindness

azithromycin is very effective

Question 15

chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venerum

Answer 15

caused by serotypes L1, 2, 3

transmitted venerally

symptom is painless papule progressing to ulcerating vesicle w/in 2 weeks

may progress to pain suppurating disease of regional lymph nodes

Question 16

chlamydia treatment

Answer 16

tetracyclins

azythromycin

Question 17

lab diagnosis of chlyamydial infection

Answer 17

share a group Ag

C pneumonia or psittaci have Ab assays (distinct serotypes)

C trachomatis- direct immunofluorescent, immunoassay, DNA probe, or PCR test

Question 18

basic rickettsia properties

Answer 18

acquired from arthropods

obligate intracellular growth

cycle: enter by phagocytosis, multiple slowly, released by lysis

Question 19

rickettsia prowazekii

Answer 19

causes typhus

incubation period is 10 days
abrupt fever and severe headache
rash follows 4 to 7 days later

untreated disease fatal except in in children

Question 20

rickettsia prowazekii transmission

Answer 20

human - body louse - human - body louse

incubation is 10 days

Question 21

rickettsia prowazekii treatment

Answer 21

tetracyclin

Question 22

rickettsia prowazekii tests

Answer 22

observing rise in Ab titers, comparing acute convalescent

LFT

PCR

Question 23

brill zinsser disease

Answer 23

latent rickettsia prowazekii reactivates after years or decades

Question 24

rickettsia prowazekii can exist in flying squirrels and squirrel lice

Answer 24

ok

Question 25

rickettsia typhi transmission

Answer 25

animals hosts- rats and ground squirrels and fleas

usually seen in southwest USA

Question 26

rickettsia typhi symptoms

Answer 26

same as rickettsia prowazekii but less severe does not have high mortality rate

Question 27

rickettsia diagnosis and treatment

Answer 27

same as for rickettsia prowazekii

tetracyclin

Question 28

rickettsia rickettsii symptoms

Answer 28

rocky mountain spotted fever

fever, headache, arthritic pain, nasuea, vomiting

rash- begins on hands and feet and spreads to trunk

Question 29

rickettsia rickettsii transmission

Answer 29

tick - transovarian tick -

ticks bite mammals or other humans

1 week incubation

Question 30

rickettsia rickettsii treatment/diagnosis

Answer 30

same as R prowazekii

tetracyclin

Question 31

rickettsia akari symptoms

Answer 31

causes rickettsia pox

primary skin lesion at bite site

fever chills headache and rash (like chicken pox)

Question 32

rickettsia akari transmission

Answer 32

mouse- mouse mite

mouse mites bit humans

1 week incubation

Question 33

coxiella symptoms

Answer 33

Q fever

interstitial pneumonia, fever, headache, elevated LFTs

Question 34

coxiella transmission

Answer 34

sheep/goat/cow/cat - tick - etc.

humans get it from placental tissue/carcasses

Question 35

ehrlichioses symptoms

Answer 35

fever, lymphocytopenia (low wbcs), elevated liver damageq

Question 36

two types of erlichioses

Answer 36

monocytic- infects monocytes

granulocytic ehrlichiosis- infects granulocytes

Question 37

COXIELLA TREATMENT

Answer 37

tetracyclines, flouroquinolones

Question 38

ehrlichiosis transmission

Answer 38

ticks

Question 39

ehrlichiosis treatment

Answer 39

tetracyclins

Question 40

all of these pathogens are intracellular obligates

Answer 40

ok