Salivation And Swallowing Flashcards
What is the composition of saliva?
Mostly water
Hypertonic in general (cf blood)
Rise in K+ and bicarbonate so pH generally a bit alkali 8, can be a hit acidic though
Mic ins to lunricating
Amylase, lingual lipase
Immune proteins (IgA, lysozyme and lactoferrin)
What are the functions of saliva?
Lubricate mouth Lubricate food Transmit diseases Immunity Starts chemical digestion Surface tension holds dentures in place Solvent
What might a patient with a dry mouth complain of?
Dry mouth Dentures falling out Bad breath Oral infections Ulcers Problems swallowing Dental cavities
Name 3 salivary glands
Parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Submandibular
Where does the parotid duct penetrate into the oral cavity?
Penetrates bucinator opposite the 2nd upper molar
The sublingual duct enters ….. on the floor of the mouth (lots of openings) and the submandibular duct enters ….. on the floor of the mouth
Laterally
Medically
The submandibular gland is what shape and where would you palpate it?
Pacman
Under the mandible
What drug class may have xerostomia as a side effect and why?
Antimuscarinics
Parasympathetic is the main driver for increase salivary productions
Note sympathetic has a small stimulators effect but also causes vasoconstriction so lessens production
The facial nerve supplies which salivary glands?
Submandibular and sublingual
Which nerve innervates the parotid?
Glossopharyngeal
The Submandibular gland is C shaped around what structure and name its two anatomical subdivisions?
Mylahyoid
Superficial (most caudal- palatable bit) and Deep
What broad drug class may cause dry mouth symptoms?
Antimuscarinics
What gets inflamed in mumps?
Parotid glands (chipmunk face) Ovary and testes - v painful for boys
What is mumps encephalopathy?
Mumps in the cerebellum
Why is a parroted gland inflammation sore?
Fibrous capsule around the gland is not stretchy so the pressure with in increases
What does the prefix sialo- mean?
Salivary
Outline the oral phase of swallowing.
The oral phase is under voluntary control and involves using the muscles in the oral cavity to push a bolus of food posteriorly to the pharynx.
What marks the start of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?
Bolus touches pharyngeal walls
Which phases of the swallow are involuntary?
Pharyngeal and oesophageal
What happens in the pharyngeal phase?
Soft palate seals off the nasopharynx. (food won’t flow up through the nose)
Pharyngeal constricters push bolus down.
Laryngeal elevation from supra hyoid action. This closes the epiglottis (food won’t go down the wrong pipe)
Vocal cords adduct and breathing temporarily stops (again food won’t enter the lungs)
Upper oesophageal sphincter opens
How does food move down the oesophagus?
The oesophageal phase of swallowing is involuntary. The upper oesophageal sphincter closes (food won’t go back up)
Peristaltic contractions move bolus down to stomach
What plane is the nasal cavity in?
Horizontal
Why can babies breath and suckle simultaneously with out everything going the wrong way?
Epiglottis in babies projects up into nasopharynx
With growth of the neck the epiglottis descends and elongates, why is this important?
Allows speech as well as lung/oesophageal communication
