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Year 2 Gastrointestinal > Gut Development 1 > Flashcards

Gut Development 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How do we develop an anterior gut wall?

A

folding of the embryo gives a gut within a cavity

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2
Q

When does the embryo fold?

A

4th week gestation

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3
Q

What embryological tissue is the gut tube made up of?

A

endoderm

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4
Q

Splanchnic mesoderm is the …. of the gut tube

A

covering

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5
Q

The primitive gut tube has two bind endings and opens at what?

A

Umbilicus

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6
Q

Which areas of gut start off as blind endings of the gut tube?

A

fore and hind gut

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7
Q

What is the midgut continuous with?

A

Yolk sac

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8
Q

List the foregut structures

A

Oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gall bladder and duodenum to the bile duct entry point

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9
Q

Distal duodenum to the proximal 2/3 of transverse colon equates to which gut structures?

A

Midgut

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10
Q

List the hind gut structures.

A

Distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper anal canal and the inner lining of the urethra and bladder

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11
Q

The celiac trunk supplies blood to the what structures?

A

foregut

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12
Q

The superior mesenteric artery supplies …

A

the mid gut

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13
Q

The hind gut is supplied by which artery?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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14
Q

Each embryonic segment of the GI tract gets blood from distinct branches of the…..

A

abdominal aorta

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15
Q

Which areas of the gut have a mixed blood supply and don’t follow the embryological segment rules?

A

Duodenum proximal to distal- coeliac to superior mesenteric
Head of pancreas coeliac turn
and the superior mesenteric artery

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16
Q

What is the intraembryonic coelom?

A

The abdomen and thorax start as one large cavity in embryo folding, it later subdivides with the formation of the diaphragm. This cavity is somatic and splanchnic mesoderm sac.

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17
Q

What is the significance of the intraembryonic coelom and its membrane?

A

One membrane lines the whole cavity and will later specialise in to the serousa to the different systems.

18
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

Double layer of peritoneum suspending the gut tube from the abdominal wall which allows a conduit for neuromuscular supply to the gut and allows some gut mobility.

19
Q

What mesoderm forms the peritoneum?

A

Visceral- splanchnic mesoderm

Parietal- somatic

20
Q

Which area of the gut has a ventral mesentry?

A

foregut

21
Q

Where do dorsal mesenteries exist?

A

Foregut, midgut and hind gut

22
Q

The dorsal and ventral mesenteries divide the cavity into left and right at the level of the foregut. What does the left sac become and what does the right sac become?

A

Left - greater sac

Right- lesser sac which will sit behind the stomach

23
Q

What are the omenta?

A

Specialised regions of peritoneum

24
Q

The dorsal mesentry froms the …. omentum and is the first structure seen in the abdominal cavity when approached anteriorly.

A

greater

25
Q

What is the lesser omenta?

A

Ventral mesentery with a free edge that conducts the portal triad. It runs from the stomach to the liver

26
Q

What structure rotates in development giving rise to the greater and lesser sacs as well as the omenta?

A

the stomach

27
Q

What is a peritoneal reflection?

A

A change in direction o the peritoneum - partial peritoneum to mesentery or from visceral peritoneum to mesentery

28
Q

What is a retroperitoneal organ?

A

Structures not suspended within the abdominal cavity, they do not have a mesentery

29
Q

Whats is the difference between a true retroperitoneal structure and a secondarily retroperitoneal structure?

A

True- never had a mesentery and where never enveloped by peritoneum.
Secondary- began development invested by peritoneum but with gowth and development lost the mesentery by fusion with the posterior abdominal wall.

30
Q

What is the lung bud?

A

In the 4th week the respiratory diverticulum forms at the point of the pharyngeal guts ventral wall

31
Q

Which two buds does the forgeut extend between?

A

The lung bud and the liver bud

32
Q

What septum forms to separate the resp and GI tracts?

A

tracheoesophageal septum

33
Q

What is the frequency of oesophageal congenital defects from abnormal tracheoesophageal septum positioning?

A

1/3000

34
Q

Which mesentery forms the liver and binary tree?

A

ventral mesentry

35
Q

The pancreas forms when two things fuse in stomach rotation. Which two things fuse?

A

Ucinate process and inferior head ventrally

The superior head, neck body and tail dorsally

36
Q

In the 6th week the peritoneal reflections around the liver form what structures?

A

Lesser omentum
falciform ligament
And there is a bare area

37
Q

What developmental process leads to the c shape of the duodenum?

A

Stomach rotation pushes the duodenum right and then posteriorly which makes it retroperitoneal

38
Q

What is fusion fascia?

A

The point where mesentery of secondarily retroperitoneal structures was lost.

39
Q

Which foregut structures are secondarily retroperitoneal ?

A

Duodenum (except the cap)

Pancreas

40
Q

In which week is there a distal foregut dilation that indicates the position of the future stomach?

A

4th (mid week)

41
Q

Which border of the early dilation will give the greater curve?

A

dorsal border

42
Q

Is the lesser sac infant or behind the stomach?

A

behind

Year 2 Gastrointestinal (9 decks)

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