Salivary Physiology and Swallowing Flashcards
The composition of saliva
Water
Proteins
Electrolytes
Which enzymes are present in the protein component of saliva?
Lingual lipase
Salivary alpha-amylase
Which immunoglobulin is found in saliva?
IgA
The function of proline rich proteins in saliva
They mineralize the enamels of our teeth
Where does the primary secretion of saliva occur?
acinar cells
Where does the secondary secretion occur?
In the ducts
Which ions are reabsorbed during the secondary secretion of saliva?
Na+ and Cl-
Chloride ions enter acinar cells through what type of transporter?
Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransporters
The chloride ions finally enter the lumen of acinar cells via which anion channel?
CFTR ( Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator)
What drives Na+ paracellularly into the acinar lumen?
Lumen-negative transepithelial potential (LNTP)
The presence of NaCl in the lumen causes water to flow paracellularly into lumen. How does this affect the osmolality of the saliva produced in relation to blood plasma?
The saliva becomes isotonic to the blood plasma
Which ions are released into the lumen during secondary secretion?
K+ and HCO3-
The two neural control centers of salivation
Hypothalamus
Salivary center
Name an anticholinergic drug that can block a muscarinic receptor
Atropine
Norepinephrine released by sympathetic stimulation act on which receptors on acinar cells
Beta receptors
This phase refers to the processing of bolus to render it swallowable
Oral preparatory phase
This phase refers to the propelling of food from the oral cavity into the oropharynx
Oral propulsive phase
Which cranial nerves are involved in the oral phase of swallowing?
CN V
CN VII
CN XII
What triggers the pharyngeal phase during the oral phase?
When bolus is pressed firmly against the tonsillar pillars
Which muscle is found in the upper esophageal sphincter?
Cricopharyngeus muscle
Which cranial nerves are involved in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?
CNX
CN IX
The brain stem centers involved in swallowing include
The tract of nucleus solitarius and nucleus ambiguous
Dysphagia
Arises when transport of liquid or bolus of food along the Pharyngoesophageal conduit is impaired by mechanical obstruction or neuromuscular failure that disrupts peristalsis
