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ENT > Salivary Glands, Tongue, Palate and Pharynx Anatomy > Flashcards

Salivary Glands, Tongue, Palate and Pharynx Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 muscles of the floor of the mouth?

A

Mylohyoid, geniohyoid, anterior belly of diagastric

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2
Q

What is the area between the lips and teeth known as?

A

Vestibule

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3
Q

What is the function of the sublingual papillae?

A

Openings for the ducts of the submandibular salivary glands

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4
Q

Describe the mucosa of the floor of the mouth?

A

Very thin

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5
Q

When there is ‘tongue tie’ the frenulum is too short and the tongue is therefore bound to where?

A

Gigivae of the lower incisor teeth

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6
Q

What are the 3 major pairs of salivary glands known as?

When are these most active?

A

Parotid, submental and submandibular- most active at meal times

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7
Q

Where are minor salivary glands found? What is their function?

A

Oral mucosa, lips, cheeks, palate. Function is basal secretion to keep the mouth moist.

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8
Q

Which salivary gland is usually palpable?

A

Submandibular

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9
Q

What muscle does the parotid gland sit on top of?

Where does the parotid duct sit?

A

Gland- on top of the masseter muscle

Duct- above the upper 2nd molar

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10
Q

Where is the sublingual gland found?

A

Deep to the mucosa in the floor of the mouth

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11
Q

Where are the sublingual ducts found?

A

On the sublingual fold in the floor of the mouth

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12
Q

What nerve is found at the stylomastoid foramen and internal acoustic meatus?

A

CNVII

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13
Q

What nerve is found at the foramen ovale?

A

CNV3

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14
Q

What does the chorda tympani branch of CNVII connect to?

A

Lingual nerve branch of CNV3

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15
Q

What nerve supplies the sublingual gland?

A

CNVII

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16
Q

What nerve and what specific nerve type supplies the submandibular gland?

A

CNVII parasympathetic axons

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17
Q

What is the function of the auriculotemporal branch of CNV3?

A

General sensation to the parotid gland sheath and the skin around it

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18
Q

What is the secretomotor innervation of the parotid gland?

A

Parasympathetics from CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

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19
Q

What is the role of the facial nerve within the parotid gland?

A

Nothing, it just passes through

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20
Q

What type of muscle is the tongue made up of?

What is it covered in?

A

Skeletal muscle. The tongue is covered in lingual mucosa.

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21
Q

What is the tongue divided into?

A

Anterior (horizontal) 2/3rds and posterior (vertical) 1/3rd

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22
Q

Where are the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue found?

A

In the oral cavity

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23
Q

What supplies general sensation to the anterior tongue?

What supplies special sensation to the anterior tongue?

A 
General = CNV3
Special = CNVII
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24
Q

Is the posterior tongue in the oral cavity?

A

No

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25
Q

What is the general and sensory supply to the posterior tongue?

A

CNIX

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26
Q

What structure is found at the apex of the terminal groove of the tongue?

A

Foramen caecum

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27
Q

Where are thyroglossal duct cysts or ectopic thyroid tissue found?

A

Anywhere in the midline of the thyroid migratory path

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28
Q

Thyroid swellings move on swallowing due to attachment to what structure?

29
Q

What type of muscles are the tongue muscles?

30
Q

What is the function of the extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Change the position of the tongue during mastication, swallowing and speech

31
Q

Name the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Palatoglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus, genioglossus

32
Q

How many pairs of intrinsic tongue muscles are there? Where are these located?

A

4 pairs- located mainly dorsally/posteriorly

33
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Modify the shape of the tongue during function

34
Q

What is CNXII? Is it sensory, motor or both?

A

Hypoglossal nerve- motor

35
Q

Where does CNXII attach to the CNS?

A

Many rootlets which attach to the medulla oblongata

36
Q

Where does CNXII pass through the base of the skull?

A

Through the hypoglossal canal in the occipital bone

37
Q

Where is the hypoglossal canal found?

A

The anterior wall of the foramen magnum

38
Q

How does the hypoglossal nerve reach the tongue after leaving the base of the skull?

A

Descends lateral to the carotid sheath and the passes towards the lateral tongue at the level of the hyoid bone

39
Q

How do you clinically test the function of CNXII?

A

Ask the patient to stick out their tongue- if it is in the midline the nerves are fine. If there is unilateral nerve damage, the tongue tip will point towards age affected side.

40
Q

What artery is the main blood supply to the tongue? What is this a branch of?

A

The lingual artery, a branch of the external carotid artery

41
Q

Where does CNXII pass in relation to the loop of the lingual artery?

42
Q

What are the arches of the soft palate composed of?

A

Skeletal muscles covered in mucosa

43
Q

What tonsil is found between the arches of the soft palate?

A

Palatine tonsil

44
Q

What bones make up the back and front of the hard palate?

A

Back = palatine bones, front = maxillary bones

45
Q

What is the palatine foramina for?

A

Nerves (branches of CNV2) and vessels

46
Q

Name the 5 pairs of muscles of the soft palate?

A

Levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, musculus uvulae

47
Q

What is the function of the elevator veil palatini?

A

Lifts the soft palate towards the base of the skull

48
Q

Which muscle of the soft palate is hooked around the pterygoid hamulus?

A

Tensor veli palatini

49
Q

What is the nerve supply to the skeletal muscles of the soft palate? What is the exception to this?

A

All supplied by CNX except the tensor veli palatine which is supplied by CNV3

50
Q

How do you clinically test CNX and CNV3?

A

Ask the patient to say ‘ahh’- if the nerves are functioning normally the uvula will be in the midline. If there is unilateral nerve problem, the uvula will move away from the side of the problem.

51
Q

What are the external muscles of the pharynx known as? Are these voluntary or not?

A

The circular (constrictor) muscles. They are voluntary.

52
Q

What innervates the circular muscles of the pharynx?

A

CNX (pharyngeal plexus)

53
Q

Where do all the circular muscles of the pharynx insert?

A

Midline raphe

54
Q

At what vertebral level is the upper oesophageal sphincter found?

55
Q

What are the internal muscles of the pharynx known as? What is their function?

A

Longitudinal muscles- elevate the pharynx and larynx

56
Q

Which longitudinal muscles of the pharynx are innervated by CNX?

A

Palatopharyngeus and salpinogopharyngeus

57
Q

Which longitudinal muscle of the pharynx is innervated by CNIX?

A

Stylopharyngeus

58
Q

Where do all the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx insert?

A

The posterior border of thyroid cartilage

59
Q

Where does the choana lead to?

A

Into the nasal cavity

60
Q

What 5 structures make up Waldeyer’s Ring of Lymphoid Tissue?

A

Lingual tonsil, palatine tonsil, pharyngeal tonsil, tubal tonsil, palate associated lymphoid tissue

61
Q

What does the jugulo-digastric node drain?

A

The palatine tonsil

62
Q

What are the regional lymph nodes for the tip of the tongue? Where is the regional lymph node drainage for the rest of the tongue?

A

Tip= submental nodes, rest = deep cervical nodes

63
Q

Where are submandibular nodes in relation to the submandibular gland?

A

Superficial

64
Q

Where does all lymphatic drainage from the head and neck eventually go?

A

Deep cervical nodes

65
Q

Where are the deep cervical nodes found?

A

In the carotid sheath

66
Q

Where are the parotid and mastoid nodes found?

A

Parotid= pre-auricular, mastoid= post-auricular

67
Q

Where are the deep and superficial cervical nodes found?

A

Deep= along internal jugular vein, superficial= along external jugular vein

68
Q

When are lymph nodes most likely to be fixed to other structures- in infection or cancer?

ENT (12 decks)

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