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ENT > Nose Anatomy > Flashcards

Nose Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are each of the following parts of the nose known as: a) Space between the eyebrows? b) Bony part? c) Sides? d) Space between the nose and upper lip?

A

a) Root b) Dorsum c) Ala d) Philtrum (of upper lip)

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2
Q

What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Cribiform plate and crista galli of the ethmoid bone and anterior cranial fossa

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3
Q

What forms the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

A

Superior and middle conchae, ethmoidal air cells and the orbital plate of ethmoid, inferior nasal conchae

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4
Q

What forms the nasal septum?

A

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer

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5
Q

Le Fort II and III fractures can disrupt what structure? What does this pose a risk of?

A

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone- danger of infection spreading from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa

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6
Q

What type of cartilage forms the nasal septum?

A

Hyaline

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7
Q

What is CNI?

A

Olfactory nerve

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8
Q

What type of nerve is CNI?

A

Special sensory

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9
Q

Where do the receptor cells for the olfactory nerve pass through to form the first neurones in the chain?

A

Through the cruciform plate of the ethmoid bone in olfactory mucosa

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10
Q

Where do the first neurones in the olfactory nerve tract reach to form a ganglion?

A

Olfactory bulb

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11
Q

Where do the cell bodies of 2nd neurones pass once they have left the olfactory bulb?

A

Down the olfactory tract which ends in the temporal lobe

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12
Q

The ‘olfactory area’ is found where?

A

On both the lateral wall and the septum of the nasal cavity

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13
Q

What is the somatic sensory nerve supply to the nasal cavity (general)?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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14
Q

What is the somatic sensory nerve supply to the anterosuperior nasal cavity?

A

CNV1

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15
Q

What is the somatic sensory nerve supply to the posteroinferior nasal cavity?

A

CNV2

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16
Q

The blood supply to the nasal cavity originates from where?

A

Bothe the external and internal carotid arteries

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17
Q

Which arteries which supply the nasal cavity come from the external carotid artery?

A

Facial and maxillary arteries

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18
Q

Which arteries which supply the nasal cavity come from the internal carotid artery?

A

Ophthalmic artery

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19
Q

Blood from the ophthalmic artery reaches the nasal cavity via which branches?

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

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20
Q

Blood from the maxillary artery reaches the nasal cavity via which branches?

A

Sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries

21
Q

Blood from the facial artery reaches the nasal cavity via which branches?

A

The lateral nasal branch of facial, or the septal branch of the superior labial artery

22
Q

What is Kiesselbach’s (Little’s) area?

A

An arterial anastomoses on the nasal septum which is a frequent site of nosebleeds

23
Q

Where do the superior and middle nasal conchae come from?

A

The ethmoid bone

24
Q

What are the ‘spaces’ under each concha known as?

A

Meatuses

25
Q

How many meatuses are in the nose?

A

3 (superior, middle, inferior)

26
Q

What space is found above the superior concha?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

27
Q

The inferior nasal concha receives sensory supply from where?

A

CNV2

28
Q

Where is the opening of the eustachian/auditory/phayngotympanic tube found?

A

In the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

29
Q

Where should an NG tube remain during its course?

A

In the midline (not following a bronchus)

30
Q

Where should the tip of a nasogastric tube be seen?

A

Below the diaphragm- 10cm beyond the gastro-oesophageal junction

31
Q

What are vibrissae?

A

Small hairs which filter air

32
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Air filled spaces within bones

33
Q

How many paranasal sinuses are there?

A

2 frontal sinuses, 2 maxillary sinuses, 2 sets of ethmoidal air cells, 2 sphenoidal sinuses

34
Q

Which sinuses can be known as antra?

A

Maxillary

35
Q

What epithelium are paranasal sinuses lined by?

A

Mucous secreting respiratory epithelium

36
Q

Were does mucous drain into the nasal cavities via?

A

Ostia in the lateral walls of the cavity

37
Q

Where does the frontal sinus drain into?

A

Middle meatus

38
Q

Where does the maxillary suns drain into?

A

Middle meatus

39
Q

Ethmoidal air cells drain into where?

A

Superior and middle meatuses

40
Q

Where do sphenoidal sinuses drain into?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

41
Q

Where do tears drain into?

A

The nasolacrimal duct which drains into the inferior meatus

42
Q

What is sinusitis?

A

Inflammation of the mucosa of paranasal sinuses

43
Q

Sinusitis can be painful. What is the sensation here provided by? Where can pain be referred to?

A

CNV1 and CNV2- can be referred to teeth

44
Q

Which sinus is predisposed to inflammation? Why?

A

Maxillary- the ostia is located superiorly meaning it has to drain against gravity

45
Q

Extraction of a tooth can result in what sinus problem?

A

Oro-antral fistula which means infection can spread into the antrum

46
Q

How may maxillary sinusitis present?

A

Toothache (referred pain)

47
Q

A) Name the oliva green bone

B) Name the yellow bone

C) Name the specific part of the yellow bone in the midline

D) Name the dark green bone

E) Name the orange/red bone

A

A) Nasal bone

B) Ethmoid bone

C) Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

D) Vomer

E) Inferior nasal concha

48
Q

Name the type of mucosa found at 1, 2 and 3?

A

1 = Keratinised statified squamous epithelium

2= Respiratory epithelium

3 = Olfactory epithelium

ENT (12 decks)

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