Nose Anatomy Flashcards
What are each of the following parts of the nose known as: a) Space between the eyebrows? b) Bony part? c) Sides? d) Space between the nose and upper lip?
a) Root b) Dorsum c) Ala d) Philtrum (of upper lip)
What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
Cribiform plate and crista galli of the ethmoid bone and anterior cranial fossa
What forms the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?
Superior and middle conchae, ethmoidal air cells and the orbital plate of ethmoid, inferior nasal conchae
What forms the nasal septum?
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer
Le Fort II and III fractures can disrupt what structure? What does this pose a risk of?
Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone- danger of infection spreading from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa
What type of cartilage forms the nasal septum?
Hyaline
What is CNI?
Olfactory nerve
What type of nerve is CNI?
Special sensory
Where do the receptor cells for the olfactory nerve pass through to form the first neurones in the chain?
Through the cruciform plate of the ethmoid bone in olfactory mucosa
Where do the first neurones in the olfactory nerve tract reach to form a ganglion?
Olfactory bulb
Where do the cell bodies of 2nd neurones pass once they have left the olfactory bulb?
Down the olfactory tract which ends in the temporal lobe
The ‘olfactory area’ is found where?
On both the lateral wall and the septum of the nasal cavity
What is the somatic sensory nerve supply to the nasal cavity (general)?
Trigeminal nerve
What is the somatic sensory nerve supply to the anterosuperior nasal cavity?
CNV1
What is the somatic sensory nerve supply to the posteroinferior nasal cavity?
CNV2
The blood supply to the nasal cavity originates from where?
Bothe the external and internal carotid arteries
Which arteries which supply the nasal cavity come from the external carotid artery?
Facial and maxillary arteries
Which arteries which supply the nasal cavity come from the internal carotid artery?
Ophthalmic artery
Blood from the ophthalmic artery reaches the nasal cavity via which branches?
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
Blood from the maxillary artery reaches the nasal cavity via which branches?
Sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries
Blood from the facial artery reaches the nasal cavity via which branches?
The lateral nasal branch of facial, or the septal branch of the superior labial artery
What is Kiesselbach’s (Little’s) area?
An arterial anastomoses on the nasal septum which is a frequent site of nosebleeds
Where do the superior and middle nasal conchae come from?
The ethmoid bone
What are the ‘spaces’ under each concha known as?
Meatuses
How many meatuses are in the nose?
3 (superior, middle, inferior)
What space is found above the superior concha?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
The inferior nasal concha receives sensory supply from where?
CNV2
Where is the opening of the eustachian/auditory/phayngotympanic tube found?
In the lateral wall of the nasopharynx
Where should an NG tube remain during its course?
In the midline (not following a bronchus)
Where should the tip of a nasogastric tube be seen?
Below the diaphragm- 10cm beyond the gastro-oesophageal junction
What are vibrissae?
Small hairs which filter air
What are paranasal sinuses?
Air filled spaces within bones
How many paranasal sinuses are there?
2 frontal sinuses, 2 maxillary sinuses, 2 sets of ethmoidal air cells, 2 sphenoidal sinuses
Which sinuses can be known as antra?
Maxillary
What epithelium are paranasal sinuses lined by?
Mucous secreting respiratory epithelium
Were does mucous drain into the nasal cavities via?
Ostia in the lateral walls of the cavity
Where does the frontal sinus drain into?
Middle meatus
Where does the maxillary suns drain into?
Middle meatus
Ethmoidal air cells drain into where?
Superior and middle meatuses
Where do sphenoidal sinuses drain into?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Where do tears drain into?
The nasolacrimal duct which drains into the inferior meatus
What is sinusitis?
Inflammation of the mucosa of paranasal sinuses
Sinusitis can be painful. What is the sensation here provided by? Where can pain be referred to?
CNV1 and CNV2- can be referred to teeth
Which sinus is predisposed to inflammation? Why?
Maxillary- the ostia is located superiorly meaning it has to drain against gravity
Extraction of a tooth can result in what sinus problem?
Oro-antral fistula which means infection can spread into the antrum
How may maxillary sinusitis present?
Toothache (referred pain)
A) Name the oliva green bone
B) Name the yellow bone
C) Name the specific part of the yellow bone in the midline
D) Name the dark green bone
E) Name the orange/red bone
A) Nasal bone
B) Ethmoid bone
C) Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
D) Vomer
E) Inferior nasal concha
Name the type of mucosa found at 1, 2 and 3?
1 = Keratinised statified squamous epithelium
2= Respiratory epithelium
3 = Olfactory epithelium
