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ENT > Larynx Anatomy > Flashcards

Larynx Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the larynx made up of?

A

A series of cartilages joined by connective tissue and moved by muscles

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2
Q

Where is the larynx located?

A

Between the pharynx and trachea

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3
Q

What may a splutter suggest?

A

Abnormal swallow or cough

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4
Q

Where specifically in the neck is the larynx found?

A

In the visceral layer of the pretracheal fascia

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5
Q

What layer of pretrachial fascia lies anterior to the visceral layer?

A

A very thin muscular layer

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6
Q

What is the function of strap muscles?

A

Accessory muscles of breathing

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7
Q

What is the laryngopharynx? Where is the larynx in relation to this?

A

The region of the pharynx from the epiglottis to the oesophagus. The larynx is anterior.

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8
Q

The larynx is located between which vertebral levels?

A

C4-C6

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9
Q

What cartilage is the laryngeal prominence part of? At what vertebral level is this found?

A

Thyroid cartilage- found at C4/5

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10
Q

Which parts of the pharynx are used in both the respiratory and GI pathways?

A

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

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11
Q

Raising the larynx towards where reduces the chance of aspiration?

A

The mandible

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12
Q

What happens if aspiration occurs?

A

The cough reflex occurs

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13
Q

The larynx is a skeleton of cartilages suspended from where?

A

The hyoid bone

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14
Q

What is the reason for pressing on the cricoid cartilage when ventilating?

A

Compresses the oesophagus against C6 to prevent aspiration

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15
Q

Which has mucosa, a laryngeal ligament or a laryngeal fold/cord?

A

Fold/cord

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16
Q

What is a vestibular fold also known as?

A

False vocal cord

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17
Q

Describe the vocal cords?

A

Free borders of mucosa covered in connective tissue in the larynx

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18
Q

Where is the connection forming the true vocal cords?

A

Vocal processes of arytenoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage

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19
Q

Where is the connection forming the false vocal cords?

A

Arytenoid cartilage to epiglottis

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20
Q

Where is the quadrangular membrane found?

A

Between the vestibular ligament and epiglottis

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21
Q

The movement of which vocal cords impacts sound?

A

True vocal cords

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22
Q

What is the space between the true vocal cords known as?

A

Rima glottidis

23
Q

Where is a laryngoscope placed?

A

Between the epiglottis and tongue

24
Q

The intrinsic muscles of the larynx are what type of muscle?

A

Skeletal muscle

25
Q

What 4 movements can intrinsic muscles of the larynx cause?

A

Tension, relaxation, adduction, abduction

26
Q

What does tension of the vocal cords do to sound?

A

Increase pitch

27
Q

What does relaxation of the vocal cords do to sound?

A

Decrease pitch

28
Q

What does adduction of the vocal cords do to sound?

A

Quieter

29
Q

What does abduction of the vocal cords do to sound?

A

Louder

30
Q

What are all the intrinsic laryngeal muscles innervated by?

A

CNX

31
Q

What muscles are the tensors of the larynx?

A

Cricothyroid muscles

32
Q

What muscles are relaxers of the larynx?

A

Thyroarytenoid muscles

33
Q

What muscles are the adductors of the vocal cords?

A

Lateral crico-arytenoid muscles and arytenoid muscles

34
Q

What muscles are abductors of the vocal cords?

A

Posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

35
Q

Where do supra-glottis tumours drain to?

A

Superior deep cervical nodes

36
Q

How do glottic and sub-glottic tumours present?

A

Voice changes/airway obstruction

37
Q

Where do sub-glottic tumours drain to?

A

Paratracheal nodes

38
Q

What muscles allow inspiration?

A

Diaphragm and or intercostal muscles

39
Q

The laryngeal buzz is amplified by what structures?

A

Pharynx, oral and nasal cavities

40
Q

What happens to the soft palate when forming oral sounds?

A

It tenses (CNV3) and elevates (CNX) to close off the nasopharynx

41
Q

What happens to the soft palate when forming nasal sounds?

A

It tended (CNV3) and descends (CNX) to close off the oropharynx

42
Q

What sounds are produced nasally?

A

M, n, ing

43
Q

What nerve supply to the tongue and teeth and lips aids sound?

A

Tongue= CNXII

Teeth and lips= CNVII

44
Q

What nerve supplies all of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except cricothyroid?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve

45
Q

What nerve supplies the cricothyroid?

A

External laryngeal nerve

46
Q

What supplies the musosa above and below the vocal folds?

A

Above = internal laryngeal nerve, below= inferior laryngeal nerve

47
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve becomes what nerve at the cricothyroid joint?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve

48
Q

What does the vagus nerve supply in the neck?

A

Sensory and motor supply to the palate, pharynx and larynx

49
Q

How do you test the vagus nerve at the level of the pharynx?

A

Get the patient to have a sip of water and watch the larynx move up and down. Do they splutter?

50
Q

How do you test the vagus nerve at the level of the larynx?

A

Is the voice hoarse? Is coughing normal and powerful?

51
Q

Where does the vagus nerve pass through the base of the skull?

A

Jugular foramen

52
Q

The vagus nerve descends through thence within what?

A

The carotid sheath

53
Q

Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve branch off the vagus nerve?

A

In the mediastinum

ENT (12 decks)

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