salivary glands anatomy Flashcards
what are the major salivary glands ?
submandibular gland (whartons duct)
sublingual gland
parotid gland
what type of antibody is associated with saliva ?
IgA
what are the two different enzymes found in saliva important for digestion ?
amylase
lingual lipase
what are the structures responsible for the formation of salivary electrolytes and what are their different products ?
acinar cells - plasma like isotonic saliva
ductal cells - removes the Na and Cl , secretes potassium and bicarb , to protect against acid makes it hypotonic
what is the association between the flow rate and the concentration of saliva ?
the higher the flow rate the more isotonic
bicarb goes up at high flow rate - more bicarbonate
what is the effect of aldosterone on the saloivary gland ?
increases sodium and potassium absorption
how does the regulation of salivaryy flow happen ?
increased by both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
parasympathetic has the greater effect and acts upon muscarinic receptors specifically M3
how is the parasympathetic system stimulated in order to form saloiva ?
by the sight or smell of food
what are the drugs used for the regulation of saliva ?
muscarinic antagonists - atropine
muscarinic agonists - pilocarpine
farmer that comes in with hypersalivation ..
organophosphate poisoning increases the levels of ACh
where is sialolithiasis more common ?
submandibular glands
what are the risk factors for sialolithiasis ?
anti cholinergic
diuretics
dehydration
what is the cause of sialadenitis ?
inflammation of the salivaru gland which is usually secondary to obstructing stone
most often due to staph aureus
what is the treatment for sialadenitis ?
nafcillin
metronidazole or clindamycin
bilateral parotid gland enlargement is suggestive of ?
mumps - parotitis
prevented by the MMR vaccine
what gland is usually associated with salivary tumors ?
usually parotid gland
what is the most common type of salivary gland tumor ?
pleomorphic adenoma , usually benign
what is the most common presentation associated with pleomorphic adenoma ?
painless mobile mass at the angle of the jaw
affecting the superficial lobe of the parotid gland
what type of cells are associated with pleomorphoc adenoma , and what is the other name for it ?
benign mixed tumor
epithelial and stromal cells
what is a major risk factor for pleomorphic adenoma ?
prior radiation
why is there a chance of recurrence with pleomorphic adenomas ?
due to irregular borders that can be left behind when being surgically removed
what parotid gland tumor is highly associated with smoking ?
warthins tumor
what are the key histological findings associated with warthins tumor ?
1- cyst filled with fluids
2- cysts surrounded by dense lymphoid infiltrates
3- lymph tissue can aggregate into germinal centres
what is the most malignant salivary tumor ?
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
what is the main risk factor associated with mucoepidermoid carcinoma ?
prior radiation
what are the histological findings associated with mucoepidermoid cells ?
squamous cells
muco-secreting cells
intermediate hybrid cells
what is the common presentation in association with sialolithiasis ?
pre or post prandial pain and swelling of the affected gland
which of the benign salivary tumors can undergo malignant transformation ?
pleomorphic adenoma
