GI pharma Flashcards
what are the side effects of sodium bicarb ?
bloating
alkalosis
fluid retention
what are the side effects associated with calcium carbonate ?
bloating and bleching
alkalosis
constipation
hypercalcemia
what are the special uses of caclium carbonate?
treatment of hypocalcemia
what are the 2 special adverse effects of calcium carbonate ?
milk alkali syndrome
acid rebound
what is the scenario associated with milk alkali syndrome and what is the associaated triad ?
used for ulcers
triad: hypercalcemia
metabolic alkalosis
renal failure
which. of the antacids is not associated with bloating or alkalosis ?
aluminium hydroxide
magnesium hydroxide
what are the side effects of aluminum hydroxide ?
constipation
binds to phosphate
can cause hypophosphatemia
aluminium toxicity
which of the antacids can be used as a phosphate binder in renal failure ?
aluminium hydroxide
works as a phosphate binder
what problem may renal failure patients face when taking aluminium hydroxide as phosphate binder ?
aluminium toxicity
what is the presentation of aluminium toxicity ?
bone/muscle pain and weakness
microcytic anemia
dementia
what are the side effects associated with magnesium hydroxide ?
diarrhea
hypermagnesemia
what are the other uses of magnesium hydroxide ?
osmotic laxative for constipation
what drugs are at risk of poor absorption due to anatcid action ?
tetracycline
fluoroquinolones
isoniazid
iron supplementation
what are the side effects associated with histamine blockers ?
can cause confusion
what are the effects of cimetidine ?
histamine blocker
1- has anti androgen effect - so causes gynecomastia , impotence and prolactin release
2- crosses the BBB and so causes dizziness, confusion
3- reduces creatinine excretion
what are the adverse effect of PPI ?
increase risk of c difficile
pneumonia
acute interstitial nephritis
vitamin B12, iron, vitamin c malabsorption
hip fracture in an old patient taking a PPI ?
due to decreased calcium uptake caused by PPI
what is the mechanism of bismuth ?
binds to ulcer base
what are the clinical uses associated with bismuth ?
increased ulcer healing, travellers diarrhea
what change in stool is seen in bismuth intake ?
jet black stool
what are the components of sucralfate ?
sulfated polysacchride
aluminum hydroxide
what is the mechanism of action of sucralfate ?
binds to ulcers like bismuth
what is the non emergency treatment for hyperkalemia ?
kayexalate
sodium polystyrene
what is factitious diarrhea ?
laxative abuse
usually associated with bulimia
what is the mechanism of action of ondanestron ?
anti emetic
%HT3 receptor blocker
usually used as an anti emetic in cancer patients
what is the mechanism of metoclopramide and what are its uses ?
dopamine d2 receptor antagonists
increases gastric motility
used for gastroparesis
used an an anti emetic and can be used for migranes
what are the side effects associated with metoclopramide ?
drowsiness
movement symptoms
what is the feared side effect of long term use of metoclopramiode ?
tardive dyskinesia
elevated prolactin levels
what are the contraindication associated with the use of metoclopramide ?
patients with a history of seizures
parkinsons disease
bowel obstruction
