Salivary glands Flashcards
What are the 3 major pairs of salivary glands?
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
What usually causes inflammation of salivary glands?
Infection
obstructing calculus
what usually causes acute bilateral enlargement?
Mumps
what usually causes acute unilateral enlargement?
Mumps
Acute parotitis - ascending oral inf
where do most tumours occur?
what is the most common histological type of these?
who do they commonly affect and do how they present? what is rx?
i. parotid
ii. pleomorphic adenoma
iii. middle age
iv. slow growing painless lump
v. superficial parotidectomy
what is the most common cause of recurrent unilateral sx?
Stones
How do stones usually present? what gland do they usually occur in? what is rx?
red
unilateral pain and swelling on eating
submandibular
rx: remove distal stones via mouth, excise gland if contained w/in it
What investigations can be used to evaluate lumps?
sialography
plain XR
How do malignancies usually present?
rapid growth
fixed mass
CN VII involvement - palsy
pain
What is the rx of malignancies?
Surgery + radiotherapy
What are Warthins tumours?
benign bilateral parotid tumours
What benign tumours occur most commonly in children <1yr
haemangiomas
what is the rx of most benign tumours ?
superficial parotidectomy
What is the rx of most malignant disease?
radical parotidectomy (may require resection of the facial nerve)
How does HIV infection present in terms of parotid disease?
Lymphoepithelial cysts
bilateral, multi cystic symmetrical swelling
How does Sjogrens syndrome usually present in terms of salivary glands?
Parotid enlargement
Xerostomia (dry mouth)
dry eyes
bilateral non tender enlargement of parotids
how can sarcoid present in the salivary glands? which gland is affected?
parotid, bilateral swelling, non tender
+/- xerostomia
What is xerostomia?
dry mouth
What are complications of xerostomia?
dental caries
candida infection
What are causes of xerostomia?
hypnotics + tricyclics antipsychotics beta-blockers, diuretics dehydration ENT radiotherapy Sjogrens SLE + scleroderma HIV/AIDs sialolith (stones)
What is management of xerostomia ?
- increase oral fluids
- good dental hygiene
- saliva substitute
- chewing gum/sweets
where do most salivary gland stones occur?
submandibular gland
What are stones usually composed of?
calcium phosphate or calcium carbonaet
how do stones tend to present?
colicky pain
post prandial swelling
what causes sialadenitis ?how does it present?
usually staph aureus infection
pus leaking from the duct +/- erythema
What is a complication of sialadenitis
abscess - can spread and occlude airway
