Safety in Health Care Settings (Final) Flashcards
1
Q
What is the normal flora?
A
microorganisms that live in particular parts of our body and is normal
2
Q
What could happen if normal flora is transferred to a different part of our body?
A
could cause harm
3
Q
Which are the most common microorganisms?
A
bacteria, viruses and fungi
4
Q
Define pathogens
A
microorganisms that cause disease
5
Q
Define infection
A
microorganisms that cause disease in humans
6
Q
In what conditions do pathogens live best?
A
- body temperature
- in the dark
- moist places
- where there is a food supply
- rich oxygen supply=aerobes
- no oxygen supply=anaerobes
7
Q
What is becoming dangerous for immunocompromised patients?
A
- bacteria that change their cellular composition to protect themselves from antibiotics
- called multi-resistant organisms
8
Q
How does the chain of infection work?
A
When an infection is transmitted from one infected host to another susceptible host and becomes a source of pathogens, then past on again.
9
Q
Identify the cycle of the chain of infection.
A
Pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host, pathogen
10
Q
Name the most common portals of entry into the human body.
A
- respiratory tract
- gastrointestinal tract
- genitourinary tract
- circulatory tract
- cuts and breaks in skin
- from mother to unborn child
11
Q
Name the most common portals of exit from the human body.
A
- urine
- feces
- respiratory excretions
- draining wounds
- blood
- excretions
- saliva
- tears
12
Q
What are the modes of transmission?
A
- direct contact
- indirect contact (intermediate object)
- droplet / airborne(sneezing or coughing)
- common vehicle (single contaminated source like food, medication or equipment)
- vectorborne (transmission by insects or animals)
13
Q
What increases a patient’s susceptibility to becoming a host for pathogens?
A
- age
- poor nutrition
- stress
- lack of sleep
- medical treatments
- contact with others
- open wounds
14
Q
Define nosocomial infection
A
an infection that an individual acquires after admission to a health care facility
15
Q
What defenses does the body have to fight infection?
A
- skin (MOST IMPORTANT)
- mucous membranes
- cilia
- coughing and sneezing
- tears
- stomach acid
- fever
- inflammatory response
- immune response
16
Q
Identify the signs and symptoms observed when an infection develops.
A
- fever
- pain
- fatigue
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- rash
- swelling
17
Q
It is imperative to prevent infection from spreading from:
A
- the patient to the health care provider
- the health care provider to the patient
- patient to patient
18
Q
Define clean
A
- least capable of preventing spread of infection
- physically removes dirt, debris, and sometimes germs with the help of soap and water
- does not kill the pathogens
- only lowers the pathogen count
19
Q
Define disinfection
A
- second best method of preventing spread of infection
- physically removes with the help of chemicals (alcohols or chlorines)
- kills a high percentage of pathogens present on an object, stopping them from reproducing, but does not kill spores
- does not mean that it cleans a surface with dirt or debris
20
Q
Define sterilization
A
- best method of preventing spread of infection
- kills ALL living organisms, even spores -goal is to achieve asepsis where all pathogens are absent
- achieved by heat, high pressure, filtration, radiation, or chemicals
21
Q
Define asepsis
A
-living pathogens are absent
22
Q
Define medical asepsis / clean technique
A
-performance of cleanliness procedures to destroy or limit the spread of harmful microorganisms by destroying chain of infection
23
Q
True or false. It id possible to remove all microorganisms from the body or environment.
A
False
24
Q
List common aseptic measures.
A
Wash your hands :
- after bathroom
- after contact with blood or body fluids
- before and after giving care
- visibly soiled hands
- touching objects that are contaminated
- before and after preparing food
- before and after wearing disposable gloves
- before and after feeding a client
25
Aseptic measures for disease prevention in the hospital during the reservoir stage
- maintaining your own personal hygiene
| - ensure to have all vaccinations up to date -disposing of contaminated objects appropriately
26
Aseptic measures for disease prevention in the hospital during the portal of exit stage
- when coughing or sneezing, cover nose and mouth, then immediately wash hands
- when required, wear protective equipment
- frequently check yourself for any open wounds
27
Aseptic measures for disease prevention in the hospital during the mode of transmission stage
- keeping proper hand hygiene for yourself and the clients
- ensure clients have their own personal care equipment, and are not shared amongst each other
- starting to clean with the cleanest area first, then moving along to the dirtiest area at the end
28
Aseptic measures for disease prevention in the hospital during the portal of entry stage
- ensuring clean, dry, and wrinkle-free linens for the clients to prevent skin damage
- providing skin and oral hygiene for the client to prevent damaged skin and mucous membranes
- ensure clients do not lie on tubes that could damage their skin
29
Which procedure is important in the prevention of nosocomial infections?
hand washing
30
Give reasons why some health care providers do not wash their hands?
- lack of time
- understaffing
- inaccessibility to sinks
- inadequate handwashing supplies
- belief that it is unnecessary when wearing gloves
31
True or false? It is not necessary to remove rings before handwashing
false
32
True or false?When washing hands,you should stand as close to the sink as possible
false
33
True or false? It is important to ensure that you clean your nails, fingers, between them, front and back, and up to the wrists
true
34
True or false? When washing your hands, keep your hands and forearms lower than your elbows
true
35
True or false? Dry your hands beginning at the wrist and ending with your fingers.
false
36
True or false?It is friction and running water that make your handwashing technique effective
true
37
Define fungi
microbes that live only on organic matter
38
Define contamination
the process of being exposed to pathogens
39
Define nosocomial
an infection that is obtained after an individual is admitted to a health care institution
40
Define portal of entry
where pathogens enter a new host's body
41
Define sterile
free of all microbes, pathogens and non pathogens
42
Define medical asepsis
another name for clean technique
43
Define routine practices
guidelines to prevent the spread of infection
44
Define infection
a disease state caused by the invasion and growth of microbes in the body
45
Define reservoir
the environment in which pathogens live and grow
46
Define pathogen
a microbe that can cause infection
47
Define surgical asepsis
practices that keep equipment and supplies free of all microbes
48
Define multi-resistant organism (MRO)
a strain of bacteria that is very difficult to treat with regular antibiotics
49
What two parts is the Infection Control Guidelines divided into?
1. Routine practices
| 2. Additional precautions based on mode of transmission
50
What were the guidelines when treating people with blood-borne pathogens in the past?
"Universal precautions" was applied to ALL patients even those not diagnosed with infectious diseases. ALL were treated.
51
What is "routine practices"
- to emphasize the level of care to be provided for all patients.
- directed primarily to blood and body fluid transmission of diseases
52
Meaning of PPE
Personal protection equipment
53
How is PPE chosen?
-by mode of transmission of the organism and type of interaction anticipated with the patient
54
Name the practices in the Routine practices.
```
1) Handwashing
PPE
2) Gloves
3) Mask
4) Gowns
5) Accomodation
6) Patient care equipment
7) Respiratory Etiquette
```
55
Handwashing
- after any direct contact with a patient
- before eating, after toileting, when soiled
- plain soap
56
Gloves
- not a substitute for handwashing
- not required when skin is intact, for bathing, turning, feeding, etc
- required for blood, body fluids, soiled items
- changed between care activities
- not reused or washed
- hands must be washed before and after putting gloves
57
True or false. It is acceptable to walk around with gloves on or when performing duties which do not require them.
False
58
True or false. Double gloving is not required.
True
59
Latex allergies
- low risk, but health care providers at higher risk due to constant exposure to latex
- skin irritation to severe and life threatening emergencies
- ask patients if they have a sensitivity to latex
60
Mask
protects mucous membranes of eyes and respiratory tract
| -wear when dealing with blood or body fluids
61
Gowns
- routine use not recommended
| - protect uncovered skin, prevent soiling clothing
62
Accomodation
- private rooms not usually required
| - for patients who soil environment or hygiene can't be maintained
63
Patient Care Equipment
- equipment should not be shared in high risk areas (ICU)
- soiled equipment must be washed properly
- handle needles with care
- personal care supplies must not be shared between patients
64
Respiratory Etiquette for patients
- cover cough
- cover mouth and nose
- place tissues in waste basket
- use surgical mask to protect others
- clean hands
65
Additional precautions and guidelines for Home Care Workers
- wash hands with soap and water before and after contact with patient
- wash soiled clothes in hot water and bleach
- wash table tops with soap and disinfectant
- wash carpet with powdered laundry soap
- soiled disposable items must be thrown in heavy duty plastic bags
- needles in hard plastic containers
- use soft-bristled toothbrushes to clean patient's teeth
66
Additional precautions based on mode of transmission
- separate patients with transmissible diseases or infections from contact with others
- "isolation precautions"
67
Airborne precautions
- single room, keep door closed
- enter room with mask
- wash hands before and after contact with patient
- patient must wear mask too
68
Droplet precautions
- maintain 1 meter distance between patients, door can remain open
- wear mask when 1 meter from patient
- wash hands before and after contact with patient
- patient must wear mask too
69
Contact precautions
- maintain 1 meter distance between patients, door can remain open
- disinfect equipment or use for that patient only
- wear a gown
- wear gloves
- wash hands after removing gloves and touching contaminated items
- wheelchair only when essential
70
List the general rules for transmission-based precautions
- wear personal protective equipment
- collect all equipment needed before entering isolation room
- prevent contamination of equipment and supplies
- wash floors with disinfectant
- prevent drafts
- double bag items
- do not touch hair, mouth, eyes
- do not shake linen
- use paper towel to turn off faucets
71
Steps to washing hands
1. remove rings and watch
2. use cleaning agent
3. use warm water
4. stand away from the sink
5. keep hands and forearms lower than elbows
6. use friction by rubbing hands
7. wash hands for 15 to 20 seconds
8. was and dry all surface areas of fingers, wrists
72
Where are needles, syringes and other sharp objects disposed of?
In a rigid puncture resistant container
73
What do you do if you're in doubt about any infection control practice?
Refer to the infection control manual in your facility or call the infection control nurse
74
Explain the gloving process.
1. Remove all rings and watches
2. Wash hands before
3. Put them on without tearing
4. Keep hands and forearms lower than elbows
5. Remove gloves by pulling down and turning inside out
6. Discard gloves in garbage
7. Wash hands after removing
75
Explain the isolation procedures
1. Remove watch and jewellery
2. Wash hands
3. Follow isolation guidelines as posted
4. Put face mask on as required
5. Pick up clean gown, hold out and allows to unfold (do not shake)
6. Put hands and arms through sleeve
7. Tie string at neck, then waist
8. Put on gloves and ensures covers sleeves of gown
9. Provide care to patient
10. Remove and discard gloves
11. Wash hands
12. Remove gown skin to skin technique (untie neck string, place fingers of one hand under opposite cuff and pull cuff over hand, uses gown covered hand to pull gown off arms
13. Turn gown inside out
14. Roll gown up and away from body
15. Dispose in garbage or laundry hamper
16. Wash hands
17. Open door to room using paper towel
18. Remove and discard mask
19. Perform hand hygiene
76
Name the order when putting on personal protective equipment
1. Wash hands
2. mask
3. goggles
4. gown
5. gloves
77
Name the order when taking off personal protective equipment
1. Gloves
2. Gown
3. Wash hands
4. Goggles or face shield
5. Mask
6. Hand hygiene
78
Define communicable disease / contagious or infectious disease
Disease that can be spread from one person to another
79
Discuss the following communicable disease: common cold
- highly contagious infection in upper respiratory tract
- transmitted by droplet secretions from nose and mouth
- no medication, cure or vaccine
- sneezing, runny nose, fever
- wash hands, drink lots of fluids, sleep, keep warm
80
Discuss the following communicable disease: influenza (flu)
- viral infection of respiratory tract
- fever, chills, cough, muscular pain
- transmission by droplets and secretion from nose and mouth
- no cure, but vaccinations exist
- wash hands, avoid contact
- health care providers must get flu shot each year
81
Discuss the following communicable disease: enteric diseases
- pathogens in stomach or intestine
| - excess fluid loss through vomiting and diarrhea = dehydration
82
Name three types of enteric diseases
1. Food poisoning
2. Food borne infections
3. Viral infections
83
How can you prevent enteric diseases?
- hand washing
- proper disposal of body wastes
- disinfection
- careful food preparation
84
Discuss the following communicable disease: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- immune system attacked by HIV and damaged = body can't fight back
- mild illness or none
- spread by body fluids, sex, sharing needles
- not easily transmitted or contagious
- can't live outside body
85
Which body fluids can spread HIV
Blood
Semen
Vaginal or rectal secretions
Breast milk
86
True or false. There is little risk of getting HIV from blood transfusions at the Canadian blood services
True it is well screened
87
Discuss the following communicable disease: Hepatitis B
- virus attacks liver
- half don't know they have it and spread disease
- 100X more infectious than HIV (lives in dry blood for seven days)
- tiredness, fever, loss of appetite, yellow skin and eyes
- detected by blood test, prevented with vaccine
88
Discuss the following communicable disease: scabies
- small mite that burrows under skin and lays eggs
- rash is itchy on hands, wrists, armpits,butt,genitals
- poor hygiene and overcrowding
- spread by close contact and beds
- nonprescription body lotions or ointments and wash all clothes
89
Discuss the following communicable disease: shingles
- infection of skin along nerves
- those with chronic illnesses
- only those who have had chicken pox can develop shingles
- burning, itching, blisters
- transmitted by direct contact with fluid of blisters
- wash hands, wear gloves
90
Discuss the following communicable disease: head lice
- insects on scalp of human
- spread by head to head contact, hair brushes and hats not poor hygiene, nor pets nor jump or fly
- itching and scratching
- special shampoo or cream
91
Discuss the following communicable disease: bed bugs
- small reddish brown insect that feed on human blood and animals
- don't live on humans only there to feed
- most active at night
- painless bite, small bumps
- wash clothes, vacuum, scrub brush, spray
92
Discuss the following communicable disease: tuberculosis
- bacterial disease spread by infected droplets and affects lung
- no symptoms until it progresses then fatigue, weight loss, coughing
- health problem in elderly, aboriginals
- long term antibiotics
- use tissues to cover mouth
93
Discuss the following communicable disease: antibiotic resistant organisms
- intensive and inappropriate use of antibiotics
- adapted to survive antibiotics
- severe illness, prolonged hospital stay, surgery, invasive procedures
- longer use of antibiotics
94
Name the two most common antibiotic resistant organisms
1. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) : pathogen resistant to methicillin and other penicillins and cephalosporins, nosocomial infection, invades blood, vancomycin used to treat, transmitted by hands
2. Vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE) : resists vancomycin, nosocomial infection, transmitted by hands and objects, no known medication
95
What to do with patients who have antibiotic resistant organisms
- put in private room
- wear gloves gown mask when entering and take off when leaving
- wash hands after removing gloves
- use of equipment by only infected patient
- clean and disinfect all equipment
96
Discuss the following communicable disease: clostridium difficult
- most serious cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD)
- severe infection of colon
- bacterium releases toxins and heat resistant spores
- bloating, constipation, diarrhea
- transmitted by fecal oral route
- disinfectants kill them
97
Discuss the following communicable disease: Ebola virus disease
- fatal illness caused by Ebola virus
- direct contact with blood, body fluids, tissues of animals and humans
- not airborne but can be spread by droplets, physical contact of body fluids
98
Discuss the following communicable disease: pandemic influenza
- more dangerous than seasonal influenza
- new strain develops
- serious illness around the world=pandemic
- very young at risk as well as 65+ or existing medical conditions
- minimize amount of people who will get sick
99
Similarities and differences between seasonal influenza and pandemic influenza
Seasonal: an infection caused by influenza virus and spread among humans; spread by droplets and physical contact with another person or contaminated object
Pandemic: a new strain of influenza virus that spreads world wide to humans with little or no immunity; spreads like seasonal flu
100
Define safety
Free from harm or injury
101
Name safety measures for keeping the environment safe
- walk in hallways and stairs
- stay on right side of hallway and stairs
- use handrails
- remove clutter
- maintain equipment
- remove environmental dangers like burnt out light bulbs, broken windows and leaking ceiling
102
Name safety measures for keeping the patient safe
- identify the patient
- answer call lights or bells promptly
- prevent falls
103
List reasons why falls are the primary cause of injury in the elderly.
Impaired vision, awareness, hearing, taste, smell, touch, mobility. Medications and age.
104
What is important when dealing with wheelchairs
- brakes work
- centre patient
- use seals belt if necessary
- remove footrests if not used
- travel backward down a slope or incline
105
Why do elderly have a high risk for fractures?
Bones are brittle so must prevent them from moving too much
106
Purpose of mechanical restraints
Cloth belts straps and garments to hold a patient in place and restrict movement of a limb
107
Give examples of mechanical restraints
Side rails, wheelchair seat belts, geriatric chairs, wrist straps and mittens
108
Give examples of chemical restraints
Medications that inhibit or control undesirable behaviours
109
When should restraints be used?
Only used as last resort after everything else was tried, never to be used for staff convenience
110
What is the downfall of restraints
Infringement on person's autonomy, dignity, freedom of movement, cause injury and do not prevent falls, cause trauma for patient and family
111
Guidelines when using restraints
- unnecessary restraint is false imprisonment
- never used for discipline
- never used for staff convenience
- determine reason for behaviour first
112
Safety measures for using restraints
- use restraints in care plan
- follow policies and procedures
- no sheets, towels, rope, straps, etc to restrain
- do not use to position on toilet
- ensure proper body alignment
113
Mitt restraints
-slide one or two fingers under
-check circulation every 15 minutes
-toes and fingers should be warm and pink
Tell nurse if
-can't find pulse
-cold pale fingers
-red or damaged skin
114
Name safety measures for infants and children to prevent falls
- don't leave unsupervised
- keep children away from windows
- secure in high chair or infant seat
- use safety gates
- keep crib rails up and locked position
115
Name safety measures for infants and children to prevent poisoning
- read labels before using products
- lock up medicine
- don't let children play with chipped or flaking paint
- do not rely on childproof container lids
116
Name safety measures for preventing burns
- warn food is hot
- use hot water bottles with caution
- check water temperature of tub 40 degrees
- no smoking in bed
- supervise smoking
- follow guidelines when applying heat and cold
117
Procedures of disposal of cytotoxic substances in the clinical area
- collected within 48 hours of receiving cytotoxic drugs requires special handling
- wash hands
- avoid splashing or spraying
- empty into toilet
- rinse container
- remove and discard gloves
- wash hands
118
Procedure to cleaning up cytotoxic drug spills
- restrict access to spill area
- report to nurse
- collect items needed
- wear gloves and gown
- put blue disposable bag on biohazard container
- discard contamination
- pick up with absorbent pads over spill
- mop up
- wash and rinse reusable items
- wash hands for one minute
119
Needle stick injuries
Can transmit infectious diseases and blood borne viruses, is preventable, do not throw in normal garbage
120
How to promote personal safety
- ask questions when unsure
- handle garbage, soiled linen with care
- use good body mechanics
121
Other name for accidents
Occurrences
122
Define occurrences
Events that resulted in or had the potential to result in an unintended undesired outcome like falls, care to wrong patient, injury to visitors, theft or loss
123
What must you do if an occurrence occurs
Report to nurse immediately and complete an incident report
124
Information required on incident report
- name of those involved
- location where it happened
- time and date of incident
- description of what happened
- body part injured and how
125
Being prompt and accurate when reporting incidents helps to what?
- prompt treatment
- prevent similar injuries
- protect staff in event of legal action
126
Define unit
Patient's environment
127
What does a basic patient unit consist of.
- bed that can be lowered or adjusted electronically or mechanically, wheels that can lock, side rails to protect from falling
- overbed table
- bedside table
- chair
- curtains
- call system
- closet
- bathroom
128
Why would the bed be placed in the highest position
Facilitate breathing, for maximum chest expansion for oxygen intake
129
Why would the bed be placed at the lowest position
To prevent falls and injuries
130
How can you help keep the patient's unit clean?
Make sure patient can reach overbed table and bedside plan, arrange personal items within reach, keep call signal within reach at all times, ask if there is anything else they need before you leave the room
131
Who has what responsibilities with a patient's oxygen therapy
Physician orders its administration and flow rate. Nurses or respiratory therapists set flow rates. Health care attendants may check water levels and refill container
132
Name oxygen sources
- wall oxygen outlet
- oxygen tanks
- oxygen concentrator
- liquid oxygen system
133
How to assist oxygen users with their personal care
- keep face clean and dry when face mask used
- remove face mask for only a few seconds
- make sure nasal cannula is clean and free of mucous
- check for signs of irritation
- no petroleum
- give oral hygiene
134
Safety guidelines for oxygen therapy
- never adjust oxygen flow rate
- notify nurse if flow rate too high too low or removed
- never shut off unless directed
- ensure connecting tubing in place
- no kinks
- not lying on tube
135
Safety guidelines for oxygen therapy when using cylinder or tank oxygen
- always check tag for oxygen
- safely stored
- check regulator to make sure enough oxygen
136
Oxygen and fire safety
-item burns with greater intensity if exposed to oxygen
137
List fire safety precautions that should be taken when oxygen is in use
- no smoking
- put up no smoking and oxygen in use signs
- keep oxygen tanks away from flames
- remove items that can ignite easy
- no flammable toiletry items
- turn off electrical items before unplugging
- ensure prongs are intact in electrical equipment
- oxygen source shut off
138
What three things must be present to start a fire?
- 0xygen
- Fuel
- Heat
139
What are the most common causes of fire
- smoking and matches FIRST
- misuse of electricity SECOND
- heating system defects
- spontaneous ignition
- improper rubbish disposal
140
What safety precautions are in place for patients receiving supplemental oxygen
- keep oxygen containers in a dry ventilated place away from hot pipes and radiators
- keep away from open flames
- do not use oil or grease
- do not use aerosol cosmetic and cleaning products where oxygen is used or stored
- contact supervisor about any problems
141
Name the three classes of fires
Class A, ordinary fire that can be put out with water
Class B, burnable liquid fire put out by smothering NO WATER
Class C, electrical fires put out by smothering NO WATER
142
What you should know
How to report a fire, how to confine it, the location and use of fire alarms, fire extinguishers and firefighting equipment, floor plan, exit routes, how to remove patients, fire plan
143
Name the general actions taken when their is a fire
- remove people nearest fire
- check all rooms
- remove patients who can walk first then wheelchairs then all others
- do not use elevators
- STOP DROP AND ROLL if clothing on fire
- do not panic and alert staff
- dial 911
- try to contain fire and fight fire
144
RACE
R- rescue people in immediate danger.
A- alarm, sound nearest fire alarm and call 911
C- confine, close doors and windows turn off oxygen or electrical equipment
E- extinguish or evacuate, fire extinguishers
145
WHMIS
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
146
What is WHMIS
Nationwide system to provide information on hazardous materials used in the workplace
147
Name the responsibilities of employers
- ensure safe and healthy environment
- obtain MSDS and labels
- keep MSDS available
- provide worker education
148
Name the responsibilities of the employees
- apply information
| - inform employers about missing or damaged labels
149
Name the responsibilities of suppliers
- classify their materials into WHMIS classifications
- label hazardous materials supplied to the workplace
- provide current MSDS
150
What is MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheets
| Technical bulletins which provide detailed hazard and precautionary information on the product
151
WHMIS is an information delivery system consisting of:
- labels on hazardous materials and containers
- material safety data sheets
- worker education programs
- inventory
152
Symbol bottle
Compressed gas
153
Symbol flame
Flammable and combustible material
154
Symbol flame with o
Oxidizing material
155
Symbol skull
Immediate toxic effects
156
Symbol T as exclamation mark
Other toxic effects
157
Symbol three rings
Biohazard
158
Symbol Bottle pouring onto hand
Corrosive material
159
Symbol R with explosion in middle
Dangerously reactive material
160
What is a WHMIS label
Source of information about a controlled product to alert employers and workers
161
Supplier label
-provided by the supplier of a controlled product as a condition of sale
162
Identify main parts of the supplier label
1. Product identifier
2. Risk phrases
3. Precautionary statements
4. First aid measures
5. Hazard symbols
6. See material safety data sheet
7. Supplier identifier
163
Workplace labels must be used on:
- storage containers of controlled products produced or used in the workplace
- storage containers for bulk
- supplier containers with missing or illegible labels
164
Parts of a workplace label
1. Product identifier
2. Hazard symbols
3. Handling concerns
4. Other
5. Refer to the material safety data sheets for additional information
165
What are the material safety data sheets MSDS
- prepared by supplier
| - provides detailed hazard precautionary and emergency information on the controlled product
166
What is included in the material safety data sheets MSDS
1. Product identification and use
2. Hazardous ingredients
3. Physical data
4. Fire and explosion data
5. Reactivity data
6. Toxicological properties
7. Preventive measures
8. First aid measures
9. Preparation date of MSDS
167
What categories of hazardous products are exempted from WHMIS
Wood, tobacco, manufactured articles, transportation of dangerous goods, explosives, cosmetics, drugs, pest control products
168
Name the basic rules for emergencies
1. Assess the problem
2. Get help
3. Remain calm
4. Know your limitations
5. Provide assistance
169
Code red
Fire
170
Code blue
Cardiac or respiratory arrest
171
Code orange
External disaster
172
Code green
Evacuation
173
Code yellow
Missing patient or resident
174
Code black
Bomb threat
175
Code white
Violent incident
176
Code. Brown
Chemical spill
177
Code grey
External air contamination
178
Code pink
Abduction
179
Code 25
Medical emergency
"Code 25, room 421, bed 2"
And emergency cart
180
Name the guidelines for emergency care
- know limitations
- stay calm
- check scene for safety
- check for breathing,pulse and bleeding
- keep person as you found them
- tell operator location, telephone calling from, what happened
- keep person warm
- do not give foods or fluids
181
What are the common emergencies encountered in health care
Choking, fainting, heart attack, hemorrhage, shock, seizures, stroke, burns, poisoning, missing patient, aggressive patient
182
Define hemorrhage
Excessive loss of blood within a short period from artery, vein, capillary
183
What are the effects on the body from hemorrhage
Loss of red blood cells that carry oxygen to body cells, loss of blood volume, heartbeat reduced in strength, heart then beats faster to compensate for decreased blood
184
How to stop hemorrhage
- putting pressure
- practice routine precautions (gloves)
- activate EMS
185
Define shock
Not enough blood supply to organs and tissues
186
Signs and symptoms of shock
Low blood pressure, rapid and weak pulse, rapid respirations, thirst, restleness, cold and moist skin, confusion
187
What actions must you take when someone goes into shock
Keep patient laying down, keep airway open, control bleeding, keep warm, reassure the person
188
Define seizures or convulsions
Brief disturbance in brain's normal electrical function
189
Name the two types of seizures
1. Tonic-clonic seizures (loss of consciousness, stiff arms and legs, lips blue, stop breathing, jerking violently, confused)
2. Generalized absence seizures (often goes unnoticed, no loss of consciousness, appears out of touch)
190
False superstitions of epilepsy/seizures
- can swallow tongue
- painful
- causes insanity, mental retardation
- contagious
- shortens life
191
List of safety measures to take during a tonic-clonic seizure
- call for help
- don't leave person alone
- protect from injury
- help lie down
- place pillow under head
- loosen clothing
- move furniture away
192
Define stroke or cerebral vascular accident
Sudden loss of brain function due to disruption of blood supply to the brain
193
Warning signs of stroke
- sudden weakness or numbness in face legs and arms
- loss of consciousness
- rapid pulse
- laboured breathing
- elevated blood pressure
- slurred speech or aphasia
194
How can you help someone having a stroke
- call for help
- keep airway open
- position on effected side
- loosen clothing
- keep warm and quiet
- provide CPR
195
How are burns caused
Heat, fire, hot liquids, steam, chemicals, electricity and sun
196
Partial-thickness burns
Dermis and epidermis of skin broken
197
Full-thickness burns
Dermis, epidermis and subcutaneous tissue penetrated; muscle and bone may be involved
198
Name interventions for more serious or extensive burns
Activate EMS, remove person from burn source, provide basic support, remove clothing, cool skin with ice, do not put butter or oil
199
How can poisoning happen
Inhalation, injection, absorption or ingestion
Too much medication, chemicals or household plants
200
What to do if someone is poisoned
- look for container
- observe person
- keep warm and clam
- if unconscious, position on their side
- give mouth to mouth
- do not leave until emergency medical rescue has arrived
201
What to do if patient is missing
- conduct thorough search of unit
- call a code yellow and patients name
- report to units immediately
- external search
- all clear code when found
202
What may cause aggressive behaviour
- toxic reactions to medications and alcohol
- dementia
- hormonal imbalance
- paranoia
- confusion
- overwhelming stress
- fear or misperceptions
- uncontrolled anger
203
What must you do with an aggressive patient
- don't take it personally
- recognize anger
- remain calm and quiet
- give space
- stand between client and doorway
- speak clearly and reassuringly
- divert patient's attention
204
Quality assurance QA
Emphasizes doing to right for customer to satisfy them
205
What is the focus of quality assurance
- assessing or measuring performance
- determining wether performance conforms to standards
- improving performance when standards are not met
206
Quality Improvement QI
Systematic process to improve outcomes based on costumer's needs
207
What is the focus of quality improvement
- meeting the needs of the customer
- building quality performance into work process
- assessing the work process to identify opportunities for improved performance
- employing a scientific approach to assessment and problem solving
- improving performance continuously as a management strategy not just when standards are not met
208
What is the scope of practice for a health care aide
- works under direction of RN
- assistant to nurse for provision of client's personal care needs
- performs nursing procedures and tasks as delegated and that they are adequately educated and trained to perform
- performs only jobs in job description
209
Health care aide in home care setting
- working independently not under supervision of nurse
| - do dishes, housekeeping, laundry, grocery shopping, serving meals
210
Name what is not a health care aide's role
- giving medication
- giving needles
- prescriptions
- advising patients on medical condition
211
Name the responsibilities of the employer as outlined in Manitoba Workplace safety and health act
- provide and maintain safe equipment and workplace
- provide information, instruction, training, supervision to all workers
- ensure all workers know health and safety hazards that may be encountered
- be reasonable and practical
- consult and cooperate with workplace safety and health committee
- consul and cooperate with work safety and health representatives
- ensure all workers are supervised
212
Name the responsibilities of the employee or worker as outlined in Manitoba Workplace safety and health act
- protect own safety and health
- wear all protective gear according to regulations
- consult and cooperate with workplace safety and health committee
- consult and cooperate with workplace safety and health representative
- comply with acts and regulations
