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560P Botanical Medicines Herbs - Gerber > Safety Concerns & Side Effects > Flashcards

Safety Concerns & Side Effects Flashcards

1
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2
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Common Name

A

Safety concerns, contraindications, side effects

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3
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Garlic

A

GI discomfort, nausea, odor, allergic rxn. Bloating, headache, dizziness, sweating, orthostatic probs, heartburn

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4
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Ginkgo

A

Allergic rxn to Ginkgolic acids –should be <5ppm. Hypersensitivity to ginkgo extracts. Rarely: mild GI upset, headache, allergic skin rxn. Possible hemorrhage

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5
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Red Yeast Rice

A

Gastritis, abdominal discomfort, high liver enzymes. NOT for pregnancy, under 18, or liver problems.

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6
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Aloe vera

A

Aloe latex is very strong laxative, not approved in US.

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7
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Calendula

A

No contraindications or side effects known.

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8
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Chamomile

A

On GRAS list in US. Low risk of allergy. No contraindications or side effects known.

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9
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Comfrey

A

Has Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) - toxic. Amount should be disclosed. Liver

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10
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Witch Hazel

A

No contraindications or side effects known.

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11
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Tea Tree oil

A

Allergic reaction. Toxic if ingested

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12
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Evening primrose oil

A

Nausea, digestive upset, headache. May increase risk of some pregnancy complications.

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13
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Arnica

A

Allergic reaction. Long-term use may cause eczema & skin inflammation. TOPICAL ONLY.

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14
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Bromelain

A

Hypersensitivity & pregnancy. Bleeding disorders, high BP, liver or kidney disease Gastric upset, diarrhea, allergic rxn. Excessive menstrual bleeding

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15
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Butterbur

A

Pregnancy, lactation, liver ailments. Gastrointestinal complaints (burning), nausea, burping, stomach pain, rarely vomiting, diarrhea, skin rash, cholestatic hepatitis.

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16
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Capsicum

A

Sensory nerve damage ? Burning or pricking sensation, inflammatory rxn

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17
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Devils Claw

A

Gastric or duodenal ulcer

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18
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Feverfew

A

Mouth ulcers, allergic rxn.

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19
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Hops

A

None based on current info

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20
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Kava

A

GI complaints, allergic skin reactions, headache or dizziness. Prolonged use: yellowish skin, impaired visual accommodation, pupil dilation, oculomotor disturbance, pellagra-like skin, liver damage. Liver disease. Rec. Not more than 4 weeks due to liver toxicity.

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21
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Lavender

A

Stomach upset, joint pain, headache. Contact allergy “nonteratogenic” in mice. On GRAS list

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22
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

St. John’s Wort

A

Photosensitivity, phototoxicity -high dose. Dry mouth, headache, fatigue, dizziness, confusion, anxiety, stomachache. 1-3% rate. No evid. genotoxic or mutagen

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23
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Valerian

A

No toxicity in rat preg. Low valepotriates (& baldrinals) rec. due to toxicity. No doc. contr- preg/lactation, babies is precaution. Headache, grogginess

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24
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Wormwood, Aka absinthe

A

Heightens and alters effect of alcohol, thujone poisoning —> cerebral dysfunction w/seizures & hallucinations

25
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Foxglove

A

Narrow therapeutic range. Not appropriate for herbalism. Local irritation

26
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Hawthorn

A

Unusual: Dizziness, headache, GI upset, palpitation. None in rats studies, including NO impact on prenatal/postnatal development or fertility.

27
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Horse Chestnut

A

Usually none @right dose. Esculin (poisonous, raise bleeding). Itching, nausea, GI upset, muscle spasms, headache

28
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

German Chamomile

A

On GRAS list in US. Low risk of allergy. No contraindications or side effects known.

29
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Ginger

A

gas, diarrhea, heartburn, abdominal discomfort, caution w/gallstones, GRAS as spice

30
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Licorice

A

Limit: <5-15g dried herb and 4-6 weeks (risk of Na/H2O retention, raising BP, lose K, edema) unless “deglycyrrhized”. Contr: liver probs, high BP, hypokalemia, renal failure, pregnancy

31
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Peppermint

A

Tea –none significant. Oil –don’t apply to kids mucous membranes, interstitial nephritis, acute renal failure @ 2-9 g menthol. Reflux?

32
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Turmeric

A

No adverse events observed

33
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Buckthorn

A

Colicky ab pain (griping), more menstrual bleeding & fetal loss. Buckthorn-Severe vomiting & spasms if not aged. All w/ long term abuse –severe electrolyte & water loss, hyperaldosteronism, low K, kidney damage. Contr: pregnancy, lactation, bowel obstruction.

34
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Castor

A

Colicky ab pain (griping), more menstrual bleeding & fetal loss. All w/ long term abuse –severe electrolyte & water loss, hyperaldosteronism, low K, kidney damage. Contr: pregnancy, lactation, bowel obstruction. Castor– bile obstruction, poisonings with lipid-soluble stuff

35
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Black Tea

A

Liver damage

36
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Flax/ Linseed

A

Must drink enough water. Don’t take at bedtime. Contr: Stenotic lesions of GI tract.

37
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Milk Thistle

A

Usually mild. GI complaints (diarrhea, gas, bloating, ab pain), dizziness, naus/vomiting, VMS, allergy. No known contraindications

38
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Psyllium

A

Allergic reactions. Must drink enough water. Don’t take at bedtime. Contr: Stenotic lesions of GI tract.

39
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Brewer’s yeast

A

Migraine attacks, flatulence, itching. Not mutagenic. Contr: yeast allergy. Good safety.

40
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Pelargonium

A

Appears to be very safe. Occasional skin rash

41
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Black Cohosh

A

GI complaints, headache, dizziness, weight gain. No reported toxicity, teratogen, or carcinogen so far. Maybe liver problem

42
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Chasteberry

A

No serious ones reported.

43
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Nettle

A

GI complaints, skin allergies, hyperhidrosis. No contraindications

44
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Pumpkin seeds

A

Hot flashes, headache, stomach ache, gout, GI complaints. No known contraindications

45
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Saw Palmetto

A

Generally mild. Erectile dysfunction, GI complaints. Prostatic carcinoma, UTI, impotence, ejaculatory problems

46
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Bearberry

A

Limit to 1 week use because high tannins. No studies on safety. Contr: pregnancy, lactation, <12

47
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Asian Ginseng

A

Supposedly no increased toxicological risk. Mostly mild & reversible. Quality & contamination may be an issue.

48
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Siberian Ginseng

A

Contr: hypertension. No known side effects

49
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Ashwagandha (aka Indian ginseng)

A

Minimal toxicity at therapeutic dose. “safely” used in Ayurveda for 1,000s yrs Lack of studies

50
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Astralagus

A

Normal dose not associated with observed adverse effects

51
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Cordyceps

A

Dry mouth, skin rash, diarrhea, drowsiness

52
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Echinacea, which uses root extracts

A

Very low toxicity. Rec. use less than 8 weeks. Contr: autoimmune diseases & systemic dis-theoretical

53
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Echinacea, which uses juice of aerial parts

A

No mutagenicity in vitro, low rate of relatively mild SE (aftertaste, nausea, ab pain) Rec. use less than 8 weeks

54
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

European mistletoe

A

Skin rash, itching, injection site inflammation, chills, high fever, headache, chest pain, low BP. Contr: protein sensitivity, chronic progressive infections

55
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Goldenseal

A

Contr: pregnancy. Poorly absorbed from GI tract

56
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Gotu kola

A

“safe when used appropriately.” Salad green. Few toxicity reports

57
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Grape seed

A

Devoid of toxic, mutagenic, or teratogenic effects. May be antimutagenic.

58
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Ephedra

A

Adrenal tumor, anorexia, diabetes, glaucoma, irregular heartbeat, hypertension, insomnia, excess thyroid hormone, prostate tumor, pregnancy, lactation.

59
Q

Safety concerns, contrandications, and side effects of:

Eucalyptus

A

No strong-smells or essential oils in face or on mucosa of kids under 2– risk of respiratory arrest. Rare –stomach upset if internal, skin reaction

560P Botanical Medicines Herbs - Gerber (7 decks)

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