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560P Botanical Medicines Herbs - Gerber > Physiologic & Pharmacologic Actions > Flashcards

Physiologic & Pharmacologic Actions Flashcards

1
Q

Garlic

A

Anti-microbial. Reduce atherosclerotic lesions. Increase fibrinolysis, inhibit platelet aggregation, lower blood pressure/vasodilator

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2
Q

Ginkgo

A

Scavenge free radicals, open blood vessels, increase hypoxia tolerance, reduce retinal edema/lesions, improve memory/learning, inhibit platelet activation factor (PAF)

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3
Q

Onion

A

Antibacterial, lipid-reducing, antihypertensive, platelet-aggregation-inhibiting

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4
Q

Oat Bran

A

Lower cholesterol

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5
Q

Guar Gum

A

Lower cholesterol levels 6-8% and triglycerides 13-17% using 15g/day. Bind lipids

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6
Q

Red Yeast Rice

A

Inhibit HMG CoA—rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis.

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7
Q

Aloe vera

A

Laxative (aloe latex). Gel: anti-inflammatory, wound healing

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8
Q

Calendula

A

Stimulate blood vessel growth

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9
Q

Chamomile

A

Anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, carminative. Bacteriostatic, fungistatic

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10
Q

Comfrey

A

Demulcent, wound healing

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11
Q

Witch Hazel

A

Astringent, local anti-inflammatory

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12
Q

Tea Tree oil

A

antiseptic

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13
Q

Evening primrose oil

A

Provide GLA, bypassing delta 6 desaturase enzyme function.

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14
Q

Arnica

A

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, respiratory stimulant, positive inotropic, uterine toner

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15
Q

Bromelain

A

Anti-inflammatory, anti exudative, prolong prothrombin time

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16
Q

Boswellia (Frankincense)

A

Anti-inflammatory

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17
Q

Capsicum

A

Initial reddening, pain, warmth followed by desensitization of nerve fibers

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18
Q

Devils Claw

A

Bitter tonic, antipyretic, analgesic, weak anti-inflammatory

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19
Q

Feverfew

A

Inhibit serotonin release form platelets. Antipyretic, toothache, headache,.

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20
Q

Willow Bark

A

Pain relief (analgesic), anti-inflammatory

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21
Q

Kava

A

Muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, protective vs. strychnine poisoning. Reduce excitability of limbic system, neuroprotective vs. infarct. Local anesthetic (peripheral). Inhibit MAO-B. Interact w/ GABA-A receptor

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22
Q

Lavender

A

Potentiates GABA-A, inhibits spontaneous motor activity, sedative

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23
Q

Passion Flower

A

Reduce spontaneous locomotor activity

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24
Q

St. John’s Wort

A

Reuptake inhibition for: norepinephrine, 5-HT, dopamine. MAO inhibition, 5-HT1 activation. Down-reg: beta & DR1. Up-reg 5-HTR, alpha1; CYP3A4

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25
Q

Valerian

A

Indian & Mexican var higher valpotriates. Valerenic acid may decrease GABA degradation. Calming effect. Anti-convulsant. Insomnia? Glutamine->GABA

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26
Q

Wormwood, Aka absinthe

A

Bitter.

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27
Q

Butcher’s Broom

A

Venous disorders

28
Q

Foxglove

A

Improve heart function

29
Q

Hawthorn

A

Increase amplitude heart cxn, up stroke volume, ?lower heart rate? Relax blood vessels via NO stimulation & less breakdown. K channel activator

30
Q

Horse Chestnut

A

Lowers edema, increases venous tone

31
Q

Caraway

A

carminative

32
Q

German Chamomile

A

Anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, carminative. Bacteriostatic, fungistatic

33
Q

Ginger

A

Antiemetic, cholegogue

34
Q

Licorice

A

Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis & lipooxygenase

35
Q

Peppermint

A

Inhibit cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) in liver; antispasmodic on ileum, blocks Ca+-exciting stimuli (Ca antagonist), cholagogue. Topical- Activate cold-sensitive A-delta fibers to inhibit pain.

36
Q

Turmeric

A

Cholereyic, cholecystokinetic, anti-inflammatory, carminative, cholagogue, lipid-lowering, antioxidant

37
Q

Buckthorn

A

Stimulant laxative– increase cAMP in enterocytes, increase propulsive motility, shorten transit time, decrease water/electrolyte absorption, antiabsorptive, cause tight junctions to leak Na & water back into lumen

38
Q

Castor

A

Stimulant laxative– increase cAMP in enterocytes, increase propulsive motility, shorten transit time, decrease water/electrolyte absorption, antiabsorptive, cause tight junctions to leak Na & water back into lumen

39
Q

Black Tea

A

Decrease bile acids, increase oxalic acid

40
Q

Flax/ Linseed

A

Mucilaginous

41
Q

Milk Thistle

A

Antitoxic (stabilizes membranes & antioxidant), promotes regeneration of liver cells via RNA stim. Antifibrotic

42
Q

Psyllium

A

Mucilaginous, bulking (reflex peristalsis)

43
Q

Brewer’s yeast

A

Increase phagocytosis, B-vitamin source

44
Q

Senna

A

Stimulant laxative

45
Q

Pelargonium

A

Immune modulator, antimicrobial, supports nitric oxide production, stimulates cytokines, TNF & interferon

46
Q

Black Cohosh

A

Reduces serum levels of LH, acts on hormonal regulation. Selective estrogen-receptor modulators.

47
Q

Chasteberry

A

Inhibit prolactin (selective stimulation of D2 dopamine receptors

48
Q

Nettle

A

Inhibit prostatic aromatase & 5 α-reductase, interact w/SHBG, weak anti-inflammatory

49
Q

Pumpkin seeds

A

Δ-7 sterols displace DHT from androgen receptors

50
Q

Pygeum

A

inhibit 5 α-reductase & placental aromatase, reduce nocturia

51
Q

Saw Palmetto

A

Antiandrogenic. Maybe inhibit 5 α-reductase, inhibit hyperprolactinemia, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory

52
Q

Bearberry

A

Antibacterial/antiseptic IF urine is alkaline?

53
Q

Asian Ginseng

A

CNS stimulation, protective from radiation, infection, toxins, stressors, carb/fat metabolism, RNA/protein biosynthesis, immune stimulant. Promote bifidibacteria

54
Q

Siberian Ginseng

A

Protein-anabolic action, increase immunocompetent cells (T, NK, cytotoxic)

55
Q

Ashwagandha (aka Indian ginseng)

A

Better RBC, hgb, hair melanin, lower cholesterol. Hypoglycemic

56
Q

Cat’s Claw

A

Immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antitumor

57
Q

Cordyceps

A

Scavenge ROS, help fatigue, cold intolerance, dizziness, amnesia, tinnitus, hyposexuality

58
Q

Echinacea, which uses root extracts

A

Stimulate phagocytosis, some polysacch. Stim Il-1, tumor necrosis factor, interferon

59
Q

European mistletoe

A

Stimulate T-lymphocytes & phagocytosis, increased cytokine secretion, increased cytotoxic effect on tumors

60
Q

Goldenseal

A

No studies to support immune stimulation. Bitter. Berberine—antimicrobial

61
Q

Gotu kola

A

Benefits connective tissue & wounds. Anxiolytic (lower startle response). longevity

62
Q

Grape seed

A

Inhibit lipid peroxidation, scavenger free radicals, antioxidant. Inhibit enzymes that degrade extravascular matrix.

63
Q

Rhodiola

A

Increase resistance to infection, reduce stress, enhance performance, antioxidant, cardioprotective

64
Q

Elder

A

Diaphoretic prob. Only due to heat of tea

65
Q

Ephedra

A

Vasoconstrictor, bronchodilator, stimulant. Hypertensive. Suppress coughing from mucosal stim. Antitussive. Reduce airway secretions– NOT expectorant

66
Q

Eucalyptus

A

Stimulate cold receptors, subjective decongestant, improve nasal air flow, expectorant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antispasmodic, stimulates & breaks up secretions, surfactant-like

67
Q

Linden

A

Diaphoretic prob. Only due to heat of tea

560P Botanical Medicines Herbs - Gerber (7 decks)

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