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Small-scale prep and supply (extemp) > Safe Handling of Hazardous Materials > Flashcards

Safe Handling of Hazardous Materials Flashcards

1
Q

What is ‘Hazard’?

A

The potential to cause harm

e. g.
- Work hazards
- > Corrosive
- > Carcinogenic

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2
Q

What is ‘Risk’?

A

The likelihood of harm

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3
Q

What are the main types of Hazard in a workplace?

A
  • Physical
  • Chemical
  • Biological
  • Psychological
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4
Q

What are the criteria for classifying a drug as ‘Hazardous’?

A

Drugs that meet one or more of the following criteria should be handled as hazardous:

  • Carcinogenicity
  • Teratogenicity
  • Reproductive toxicity
  • Organ toxicity at low doses
  • Genotoxicity
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5
Q

Who could be affected by hazardous drugs?

A 
Personnel involved in:
- Pharmacy functions
- Transport
- Stores/reception/issue or dispensing
- Administration
- General nursing duties
Patients
Carers
Relatives
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6
Q

What are the main exposure routes for hazardous drugs?

A

Ingestion of contaminated food, drinks etc
Inhalation of drug aerosol or dust
Absorption through skin
Direct contact/injection/splashing (e.g. into eye)

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7
Q

What is the usual latency period following exposure to cytotoxic drugs?

A

Several years

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8
Q

What is the Hierarchy of Control in managing risks?

A 
Assessment of risk
Elimination
Substitution
Good working practice
Engineering controls
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
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9
Q

Who should carry out the management of risks via the Hierarchy of Control?

A

Only by specially trained personnel in conditions which:

  • Protect workers and the environment
  • Protect the integrity of the product
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10
Q

How is ‘Elimination’ carried out from the Hierarchy of Control?

A
  • Removal from general areas
  • Segregation of workflows
    • > Radiopharmacy
    • > Cytotoxics
    • > Non-hazardous CIVAs
    • > Biological
  • Purchase ready to use liquids over powders
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11
Q

What are the main aspects of ‘Administrative Controls’?

A
  • Education and training
  • Availability of information e.g. data sheets
  • SOPs, Policies, Agreed work practices
  • Surveillance/Monitoring/Supervision
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12
Q

Administrative Controls: How can you improve ‘Procedures’?

A
  • Minimum number of staff
  • Adherence to recommended work practices
  • Standardised Prescribing/Ordering/Documentation etc
  • Clear, detailed SOPs
  • Use of illustrations & diagrams
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13
Q

Administrative Controls: Good supervision ensures…

A
  • Good technique adhered to
  • Procedures undertake accurately, correctly and safely
  • Less waste
  • Enhances operator & patient safely
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14
Q

What are the 2 main aspects for ‘Engineering Controls’?

A
  • Product protection

- Operator protection (PPE)

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15
Q

What grade of clean room is a Safety cabinet (Class II Microbiological Safety Cabinet)

A

C

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16
Q

What considerations do you need to think about with Isolators?

A

Negative pressure vs. Positive pressure
Flexible film vs. Rigid
Gaseous sterilisation vs. Traditional transfer methods

17
Q

Describe the airflow in cleanroom

A

Laminar airflow inside the cabinet

Turbulent airflow outside caused by HEPA filter

18
Q

What are the main characteristics of safety cabinets?

A
  • Reserved for hazardous
  • Minimal storage
  • Ergonomic design
  • Fully cleanable surfaces and furniture
  • Appropriate operation, monitoring, service & maintenance
19
Q

What types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) are available?

A 
Garments
- Gowns, Sleeves, Gloves, Glasses, Masks etc
Mats, Swabs
Shields, Dispensing aids
Waste handling equipment
20
Q

What is best practice when it comes to needles?

A
  • Luer-lock syringes
    • > Size greater than required volume
    • > Never more than 75% (3/4) full
  • Use vented needles or filter needles to normalize vial pressures and minimise aerosols
21
Q

What sundries should be made available?

A
  • Chemo mats
    • > Absorbent, plastic backed sheeting
  • Venting devices
  • Luer-lock fittings
22
Q

Is the re-sheathing of needles permitted in healthcare setting?

A

No

23
Q

What are the main methods of decontamination?

A 
Removal
- Aqueous clean
- Detergent
- Validated method
Denaturation
- Biologicals
- Liquid/gaseous exhange
24
Q

What are the main ways to avoid hazardous spillages?

A
  • Safer packaging
  • PPE
  • Containment
  • Prompt action
  • Disposal facilities
  • Spillage kits
  • Incident reporting/documentation
25
Q

What key surfaces need to be monitored for contamination?

A
  • Isolator gloves
  • Isolator sides and base
  • Drug vials from suppliers
  • Infusions, syringes, devices etc

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Small-scale prep and supply (extemp) (15 decks)

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