SAD3 Flashcards
Project Triangle
cost
scope
time
What shapes a project
must be completed on time,
within budget, and deliver a quality product that
satisfies users and meets requirements. P
What does a project manager do
project planning
project scheduling
project monitoring
project reporting
project planning
includes identifying all project tasks and estimating the completion time and cost of each
Project scheduling
involves the creation of a specific timetable, usually in the
form of charts that show tasks, task dependencies, and critical tasks that might delay the project. Scheduling also involves selecting and staffing the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members. Project scheduling uses Gantt charts and PERT/CPM charts, which are explained in the following sections.
Project monitoring
guiding, supervising, and coordinating the project
team’s workload. The project manager must monitor the progress, evaluate the results, and take corrective action when necessary to control the project and stay on target.
Project reporting
includes regular progress reports to management, users, and the project team itself. Effective reporting requires strong communication skills and a sense of what others want and need to know about the project
work breakdown structure
involves breaking a project down into a series of
smaller tasks. Before creating work breakdown structures, you should understand the two primary chart types: Gantt chartS and PERT/CPM charts.
Gantt charts
- a horizontal ba r chart that
represents a set of tasks - Henry L Gantt
Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)
- was developed by the U.S. Navy to manage very complex projects, such as the construction of nuclear submarines.
- bottom-up technique because it analyzes a large, complex project as a series of individual tasks
Critical Path Method
(CPM)
was developed by private industry to meet similar project management needs
PERT (Program Evaluation
Review Technique)2.0
- a technique that uses optimistic, pessimistic, and realistic time estimates to calculate the expected time for a particular task
- optimistic ( o) and pessimistic (p) times reflect the minimum and maximum possible periods of time for an activity to be completed.
- The realistic (r) time, or most likely time, reflects the project manager’s “best guess” of the amount of time
the activity actually will require for completion
Network Diagram
design program
write program
test program
write documentation
install system
task/activity
any work that has a beginning and an end and requires
the use of company resources such as people, time, or money.
event/milestone
reference point to monitor progress
Listing the Tasks
- List all tasks
- Put tasks in order
- Add a description
- Decide howlong each task takes
- Decide which tasks must go first
Estimate task duration
- Tasks can be hours, days, or weeks
- If tasks uses days, the units of measurement are called person-days
- A person-day represents the work that one person can complete in one day
Factors Affecting Duration
- Project size
- Human resources
- Experience with similar projects
- Constraints
project size
To develop accurate estimates, a project manager must identify all project tasks, from initial fact-finding to system implementation. Regardless of the systems
development methodology used, the project manager must determine how much time will be needed to perform each task.
human resources
A project manager must assemble and guide a development team that has the skill and experience to handle the project.
experience with similar projects
A project manager can develop time and
cost estimates based on the resources used for similar, previously developed information systems. T
constraints
A project manager must define system requirements that can be achieved realistically within the required constraints.
Task Patterns
- Task patterns can involve dependent tasks, multiple successor tasks, a nd multiple predecessor tasks
- Tasks in a work breakdown structure must be arranged in a logical sequence
Task Box Format
task name
task ID
task duration
start date
finish date
