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Spinal Anatomy > sacrum outline > Flashcards

sacrum outline Flashcards

1
Q

the sacrum is composed of how many vertebral segments?

A

5 on average

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2
Q

what is the shape of the sacrum?

A

triangular

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3
Q

the sacrum is concave on what surface?

A

anterior

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4
Q

the base of the sacrum is composed of what?

A

S1

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5
Q

what is the shape of S1 from a superior view?

A

reniform

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6
Q

the vertebral body of S1 has a distinct superior epiphyseal rim and what type of center?

A

spongy bone center

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7
Q

the pedicle of S1 is short and extends in what direction?

A

extending posteriorly, with little lateral deviation

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8
Q

the superior vertebral notch of S1 is formed from the superior edge of what?

A

pedicle

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9
Q

laterally the pedicle of S1 is continous with what?

A

transverse process

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10
Q

the vertebral foramen of S1 is what shape?

A

triangular

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11
Q

the vertebral foramen of S1 starts the?

A

sacral canal

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12
Q

what is the sacral ala?

A

a highly modified transverse process

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13
Q

what forms the anterior two-thirds of the sacral ala?

A

costal element

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14
Q

what forms the posterior third of the sacral ala?

A

true transverse process

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15
Q

what direction does the superior articular facet of S1 face?

A

Back, up, medial (BUM)

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16
Q

what is variably present on the superior articular process of S1?

A

mamillary process

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17
Q

the spinous tubercle of S1 is found at the union of what?

A

right and left laminae

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18
Q

what makes up the pelvic surface division of the sacrum?

A

the vertebral bodies of S1-S5, separated by transverse ridges

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19
Q

the anterior sacral foramina is the exit for?

A

ventral primary rami of S1-S4 spinal nerves

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20
Q

the costal element of the lateral sacral mass is visible at what vertebral levels?

A

S1
S2
S3

21
Q

the true transverse process of the lateral mass is visible at what vertebral levels?

A

S4

S5

22
Q

the anterior protrusion of the superior epiphyseal rim and upper vertebral body of S1 is known as?

A

sacral promontory

23
Q

on the dorsal surface, the posterior sacral foamina is the exit for?

A

dorsal primary rami of S1-S4

24
Q

what are the three longitudinal crests on the longitudinal posterior division of the sacrum?

A

median crest
intermediate crest
lateral crest

25
Q

the median sacral crest is located midsagittally and is formed by what?

A

fused sacral spinous processes/tubercles of S1-S4

26
Q

the intermediate sacral crest is located just lateral to the median sacral crest and is formed by?

A

fused articular process of S1-S5

27
Q

the sacral cornu of S5 is the termination of what?

A

the intermediate sacral crest

28
Q

the sacral cornu is formed from?

A

modified inferior articular process of S5

29
Q

what is the opening found between the right and left sacral cornuae?

A

sacral hiatus

exit of the sacral canal

30
Q

the lateral sacral crest is located lateral to the dorsal sacral foramina and formed from?

A

fused transverse tubercles of S1-S5

31
Q

what does the lateral sacral crest begin with?

A

sacral tubercle
and
sacral tuberosity

32
Q

what is the sacral tubercle?

A

the transverse tubercle of S1

33
Q

what is the sacral tuberosity?

A

the transverse tubercle of S2

34
Q

where does the lateral crest end?

A

ends at the inferior sacral angle

35
Q

what three things can be found on the lateral surface of the sacrum?

A

auricular surface
costal element
true transverse process

36
Q

the auricular surface of the sacrum is the articular surface for synovial joint with what?

A

auricular surface of the ilium

37
Q

the auricular surface covers most of the lateral surface through what vertebral levels?

A

S1-S3

38
Q

the auricular surface is contained entirely within what part of the lateral surface of sacrum?

A

costal element

39
Q

what is the triangular area covering the antero-lateral surface of S1-S3 and tapers to an end inferior of the auricular surface?

A

costal element

Easy one!

40
Q

what is the part of the lateral surface located posterior to the costal element, extending from S1 to S5?

A

true transverse process

41
Q

what makes up the inferior portion of the vertebral body and inferior epiphyseal rim of S5?

A

Apex

42
Q

what extends from the vertebral foramen of S1 to the sacral hiatus at the level of S5?

A

sacral canal

43
Q

what does the coccyx consist of?

A

consists of 3-5 rudimentary vertebral segments

44
Q

each vertebrae of coccyx has how many ossification centers?

A

1 center of ossification

45
Q

superior and inferior surfaces of the Co1 vertebrae may resemble what?

A

superior and inferior epiphysesal rims

46
Q

Co1 has a transverse process that is small and rudimentary, projecting?

A

laterally

47
Q

what part of Co1 projects superiorly and formed from rudimentary superior articular process?

A

coccygeal cornu

48
Q

Co2-Co5 consists of what?

A

rudimentary vertebral bodies

Spinal Anatomy (7 decks)

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