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Spinal Anatomy > Anthrology > Flashcards

Anthrology Flashcards

0
Q

Bones are comprised of?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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1
Q

Three types of cartilage?

A

Fibrocartilage, hyaline, elastic

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2
Q

The three components of a skeletal system?

A

Bones, cartilage, dense connective tissue

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3
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable

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4
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly movable

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5
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable

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6
Q

Fibrous structure

A

Bones fastened together by thin layers of fibrous connective tissue

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7
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Joint consists of moderately long fibrous band which forms interosseous ligament

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8
Q

This Joint consists of moderately long fibrous band which forms interosseous ligament

A

Syndesmosis

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9
Q

Movement classification of a syndesmosis joint

A

Amphiarthrosis

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10
Q

Suture

A

Only between some bones of the skull; short fibrous bands forms sutural ligaments

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11
Q

The joint found Only between some bones of the skull; short fibrous bands forms the joint’s ligaments

A

Suture joint

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12
Q

Movement classification of a suture joint

A

Synarthrosis

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13
Q

Gomphosis

A

Articulation between tooth root and bony socket; short fibrous band forms periodontal ligament.

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14
Q

The Articulation between tooth root and bony socket; short fibrous band forms periodontal ligament.

A

Gomphosis

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15
Q

Movement classification for a gomphosis joint?

A

Synarthrosis

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16
Q

Cartilaginous structure

A

Connection consists of fibrocartilage and/or hyaline cartilage.

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17
Q

Connection consists of fibrocartilage and/or hyaline cartilage.

A

Cartilaginous structure

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18
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Bone united by bands of hyaline cartilage

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19
Q

Movement classification of a synchondrosis joint?

A

Synarthrosis

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20
Q

Symphysis

A

Articular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage., which in turn is attached to a pad of fibrocartilage.

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21
Q

Movement classification of a symphysis joint

A

Amphiarthrosis

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22
Q

Articular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage., which in turn is attached to a pad of fibrocartilage.

A

Symphysis

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23
Q

Synovial

A

Space between articulating bones filled with synovial fluid

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24
Q

Movement classification of a synovial joint

A

Diarthrosis- freely movable

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25
Q

Synovial joint general structure

A

Articular surfaces of bone covered with thin layer of hyaline cartilage.

Joint encased in joint capsule

26
Q

The composition of a synovial joint capsule

A

Fibrous layer/membrane
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid

27
Q

Fibrous layer/membrane of a synovial joint

A

Thick, fibrous outer layer contiguous with periosteum of bones

28
Q

Thick, fibrous outer layer contiguous with periosteum of bones

A

Fibrous layer/membrane

29
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Thin inner layer covering all non-cartilaginous surfaces

30
Q

Thin inner layer covering all non-cartilaginous surfaces

A

Synovial membrane

31
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Secreted by synovial membrane, filling synovial cavity

32
Q

Articular disc/meniscus

A

Fibrocartilage pad located between Articular surfaces

33
Q

Fibrocartilage pad located between Articular surfaces

A

Articular disk/ meniscus

34
Q

Bursa

A

A closed fluid filled sac

35
Q

Ball and socket synovial joint

A

Globular/spheroidal surface of one bone, articulates with a cup shaped surface of another bone. Tri axial range of movement.

36
Q

Globular/spheroidal surface of one bone, articulates with a cup shaped surface of another bone.

A

Ball and socket synovial joint

37
Q

Condyloid aka ellipsoidal

A

Convex oval shaped surface of one bone articulates with concave elliptical surface of another bone

38
Q

Convex oval shaped surface of one bone articulates with concave elliptical surface of another bone

A

Condyloid or ellipsoidal.

39
Q

Saddle aka sellar

A

Articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions. Surface of one bone fits complimentary surface of another bone

40
Q

Articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions. Surface of one bone fits complimentary surface of another bone

A

Saddle aka sellar

41
Q

Gliding aka arthroidal

A

Articulating surfaces are nearly flat

42
Q

Articulating surfaces are nearly flat

A

Gliding

43
Q

Hinge aka ginglymoidal

A

Convex cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with concave cylindrical surface of another.

44
Q

Convex cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with concave cylindrical surface of another.

A

Hinge aka ginglymoidal

45
Q

Pivot aka trochoidal

A

Cylindrical pin of one bone rotates within a ring formed of bone and ligament

46
Q

Cylindrical pin of one bone rotates within a ring formed of bone and ligament

A

Pivot aka trochoidal

47
Q

Synovial joint movements

A

Angular
Circular
Special movements

49
Q

Sagittal angular synovial movements

A

Flexion, extension, and hyperextension

Dorsiflexion and plantar Flexion at ankle joint only

50
Q

the movements that occur with in a coronal plane of the body?

A

abduction and adduction

51
Q

the two types of rotation movement?

A
  1. movement of the body part around its own long axis.

2. supination and pronation at the proximal radio-ulnar joint

52
Q

the movement in which the distal end of the segment moves in a circle while the proximal end remains relatively fixed>

A

circumduction

53
Q

the special movements of the sole of the foot medially or laterally?

A

inversion and eversion

54
Q

the special movements of a body part upward or downwards, respectively?

A

elevation and depression

55
Q

the special movements of a body part forward or backward, respectively, parallel to the horizontal surface?

A

protraction and retraction

56
Q

the displacement of a bone within a joint; partial (subluxation) or total (luxation)?

A

dislocation.

  1. a rupture of the epiphyseal plate may occur in children instead of dislocation.
  2. a bone fracture may occur in the elderly instead of dislocation.
57
Q

the overstreching or tearing of a ligamentous tissue?

A

a sprain

58
Q

the overstretching or damage to a muscle?

A

strain

59
Q

the inflammation of a bursa is known as?

A

Bursitis

60
Q

the autoimmune disease involving the synovial joints where a granular secretion causes destruction of the articular cartilage?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

61
Q

the genetic form of arthritis that is typically bilateral and affects small joints of hands and feet

A

rheumatoid arthritis

62
Q

rheumatoid arthritis can be characterized by?

A

inflammation of the synovial membrane, resulting in the production of abnormal secretions of a fibrous material and eventual joint fusion

63
Q

the arthritis that affects weight-bearig joints, high-use joints, or joints previously involved in acute trauma?

A

osteoarthritis

64
Q

the arthritis with a relatively late age of onset and often associated with development of accessory bone at periphery of joint surfaces.

A

osteoarthritis

the progressive degeneration of synovial joints through wear and tear

Spinal Anatomy (7 decks)

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