Sac 5 Flashcards
What is observational Learning?
A method of social learning, particularly in children, involving attention, retention, reproduction, motivation and reinforcement
Observational learning is also known as…?
Social Learning theory
What is social learning theory?
- Learning that occurs by watching other peoples actions and their consequences to guide future behaviour
- A way which individuals learn values, behaviours and attitudes.
- Referred to as Observational Learning and modelling, as the person you observe is known as the model
- Social Learning is a more active process than either classical or operant conditioning
What is the 5 stages of observational learning?
Attention: Active attention, close attention Learner actively watches model
Retention: remember what you saw, learner stores mental representation of that behaviour
Reproduction: Learner has mental and Physical ability to perform behaviour, Physically copy or do the behaviour
Motivation: Leaner must want or have desire to imitate behaviour, Actual desire to want to do it
Reinforcement: Positive outcome means learner is more likely to repeat the behaviour, If have good time doing behaviour (eg skiing) the desire to replicate that behaviour is strengthened and vice versa for a bad experience
Types of motivation are?
Intrinsic: Internal
Extrinsic: Reward
Types of Reinforcement are?
Self Reinforcement
External Reinforcement : Eg money
Vicarious Reinforcement : Reinforcement created through experiencing the situation through the feelings or actions of another person
What stage do individuals usually get stuck at when socially learning a behaviour?
The reproduction stage as they cannot meet the physical or mental requirements needed
WHo was the researcher and held the experiment of social learning theory?
Albert Bandura
How many children participated in the experiment?
72 children all up:
24 Children Aggressive model
24 Non- Aggressive model
24 No role model
What were the results of the experiment?
- Boys were more aggressive than girls in every scenario
- Those who watched an aggressive model were more aggressive towards the doll
- Those who watched the Non aggressive model led to the least aggression being shown
WHat was the first subsequent work of Bandura and his team?
What type of model is most effective on behaviour - The power of the model
In the next series of experiments the children watched which 4 models?
Live model
Video model
Cartoon model
No model
For the second experiment, State in order the models from most effective to least effective
Live model
Video tape
Cartoon model
Control/no model
What are the likely characteristics of a model that make us more likely to imitate or learn from that model?
Attractive
similar, eg similar age
status, how important they are
trust
WHat did the 4 groups watch in the 3rd experiment by Albert Bandura?
group 1: Aggressive model rewarded
group 2: Aggressive model punished
Group 3: Non aggressive model
Group 4: no model
