SAC 2 - burden of disease link health status

Question 1

smoking - CVD

Answer 1

tobacco smoke - reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood, increasing blood pressure, forcing the heart to work harder - leading to CVD and increased rates of heart attacks - increasing mortality rates

Question 2

smoking - infant

Answer 2

reduces blood flow to the baby, reducing the amount of nutrients travelling to the baby - causing low birth weight - weakening the immune system - increasing morbidity rates

Question 3

Smoking - lung cancer

Answer 3

smoking causes dangerous cell mutations to grow - increasing rates of terminal lung cancer - increasing mortality rates

Question 4

alcohol overweight and obesity

Answer 4

high in KJ - if consumed regularly and the Kj are not burnt off - it is stored as fat - leading to increased levels of obesity - increasing morbidity

Question 5

alcohol - injury to the head

Answer 5

increases the risk of risk taking behaviour like drink driving - increasing the likelihood of serious injury to the head causing death - increasing mortality

Question 6

osteporosis - overweight and obesity

Answer 6

increases pressure on the bones and joints - which will increase the risk of arthritis - increasing morbidity rates

Question 7

overweight and obesity - cvd

Answer 7

Forces the heart to work harder, leading to excess pressure on the heart - causing CVD like heart attacks - leading to mortality

Question 8

underconsumption of veggies and fruit - obesity

Answer 8

leads to higher intake of energy dense food, that are high in Kj - when stored kj can lead to fat and obesity - increasing morbidity

Question 9

Underconsumption of fruits and veggies - neural tube defects

Answer 9

low intake of folate - will reduce the development of the brain and spinal cord during the prenatal period - increasing the likelihood of neural tube defects - increasing morbidity

Question 10

under consumption of dairy

Answer 10

results in weakened bones due to a lack of calcium, increasing the likelihood of osteoporosis - increasing morbidity

Question 11

underconsumption of dairy - teeth

Answer 11

underconsumption of dairy results in teeth enamel becoming softer - increasing the risk of dental carries - resulting in increased morbidity

Question 12

High intake of fat - diabetes

Answer 12

interferes with the transport of glucose into the cells - increasing impact of impaired glucose - increasing likelihood of type 2 diabetes, increasing morbidity rates.

Question 13

high intake of fat obesity

Answer 13

overconsumption of fatty foods, that arent burnt off - increases obesity, and heightens the risk of heart attacks - decreasing life expectancy amongst a population

Question 14

high intake of salt cvd

Answer 14

draws fluid out of cells - increasing blood volume, which will place strain on the heart - leading to CVD and higher likelihood of heart attacks - increasing mortality rates

Question 15

High intake of salt osteo

Answer 15

when excess sodium is filtered through kidneys, calcium is excreted causing weaker bones - increasing likelihood of osteoporosis - increasing morbidity

Question 16

high intake of sugar - obesity

Answer 16

excess sugar if not burnt off is stored as fat - increasing obesity - increasing morbidity

Question 17

high intake off sugar - dental carries

Answer 17

excess sugar provides bacteria and acid to enter the mouth - these will cause the decay of tooth enamel causing dental carries - increasing morbidity

Question 18

low intake of fibre

Answer 18

increases the build up of feoces, promoting the development of cancerous cells - resulting in fatal colorectal cancer - decreasing LE in some population groups

Question 19

low intake of fibre - cholesterol

Answer 19

LDL cholesterol cant be absorbed - increasing levels of LDL cholesterol causing atheroschlorosis which can cause fatal strokes - increasing mortality

Question 20

low intake of iron

Answer 20

leads to less oxygen in the blood being transferred - increasing the risk of anemia - increasing morbidity