sac 2

Question 1

Renewable energy

Answer 1

Energy that can be obtained from natural resources that can be constantly replenished

Question 2

Sustainable Development

Answer 2

Development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

Question 3

Why should/do outdoor adventurers have detailed understandings of the environments they visit?

Answer 3

In order to properly plan and prepare for activities. They are more likely to have safer and more sustainable interactions. Not understanding the environment could lead to increased risk.

Question 4

Biotic, Abiotic – What is the difference?

Answer 4

Abiotic refers to a living organism, abiotic refers to a non living feature in an environment. Animals and birds compete for food and habitat. Non-living elements such as soil and rain also affect the species within an ecosystem

Question 5

Water Cycle - Precipitation

Answer 5

When water is released from clouds in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow or hail

Question 6

Water Cycle - Transpiration

Answer 6

The evaporation of water into the atmosphere from the leaves and stems of plants

Question 7

Water Cycle - Condensation

Answer 7

Water vapour/clouds being transferred into water

Question 8

Water Cycle - Evaporation

Answer 8

Water from the earth being transferred into a vapour/cloud

Question 9

Water Cycle - Infiltration

Answer 9

occurs when water moves into the ground from the surface and begins to soak into the soil and rock layers underneath.

Question 10

Water Cycle - Runoff

Answer 10

Runoff occurs when there is more water than land can absorb. The excess liquid flows into nearby creeks, streams, or pond (snow melting)

Question 11

Effects of natural changes to environments on people and places – Migration

Answer 11

Some migration patterns are linked to climate and food availability, while others relate to breeding seasons and habitat change. The large range of migratory patterns within Australia is a reflection of the range of habitats available.

Question 12

food chain

Answer 12

In an ecosystem, energy flow occurs in food chains, in which energy passes from one organism to the next in a sequence A simple food chain in which energy is passed from the sun to the producer, and then to the consumers.

Question 13

food web

Answer 13

Most animals consume or are consumed by several types of organism. Each one is linked into several different food chains. These complex relationships can be described using a food web.

Question 14

what would be the consequence of removing a component from an ecosystem.

Answer 14

When a part of the ecosystem is removed, it can lead to disruptions in the food chain. As a result, animals that depend on these species for food and nutrients will suffer.

Question 15

Land managers’ understandings of specific outdoor environments –
including: public land

Answer 15

In Victoria the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP) are responsible for the management of Victoria’s public land. (40%) including national and state parks, forests and declared water supply catchments.

Question 16

Land managers’ understandings of specific outdoor environments –
including: private land

Answer 16

More than 60% of Victoria’s land is privately owned. Landowners, including farmers have to follow strict regulations on how they manage, and operate on their land.

Question 17

Land managers’ understandings of specific outdoor environments –
including: management zones.

Answer 17

Parks Victoria uses 6 primary management zones, those being:
- Recreation development zone
- Conservation and recreation zone
- Conservation zone
- Wilderness zone
- Reference area zone
- Education zone

Question 18

Understanding Indigenous Art (and how they impact our understandings of the outdoors).

Answer 18

Australian Indigenous art is the oldest ongoing tradition of art in the world. There is evidence of Indigenous rock art dating back at least 40000 years found in the Northern Territory, depicting extinct megafauna and dreamtime stories.

Question 19

Understanding European artists (and how they impact our understandings of the outdoors)

Answer 19

In the past, Artists being white settlers to Australia have depicted environments different to what may be true. When white settlers arrived in Australia from Europe in the late 18th Century Artists were challenged by scenery which they had never seen before

Question 20

Understanding Australian Musicians (and how they impact our understandings of the outdoors)

Answer 20

They draw attention to environmental issues, demonstrating an understanding of the need for conservation (and its practices) and the adoption of sustainable practices in the protection of our fragile environment. They use music to advocate environmental awareness

Question 21

Indigenous relationships to outdoor environment - their perceptions of the land

Answer 21

The central focus of their existence is to care for the land. They are part of the land and it’s part of them. This view/perception is referred to as ‘custodianship’ or ‘kinship’ . They view the land as a mother.

Question 22

Indigenous relationships to outdoor environments - interactions

Answer 22

Nomadic lifestyle: Indigenous Australians did not stay in one place, they moved around depending on the weather and the seasons. They moved inland to hunt during the colder months and towards the coast to fish during the warmer months.

Hunter Gather lifestyle: Refers to the practice of collecting food sources through hunting and collection.

Question 23

Indigenous relationships to outdoor environments - impacts

Answer 23

Moving around did not use use up all the resources in one area,
it allowed time for the environment to regenerate and grow. They only collected what they needed making it more sustainable

Question 24

Effects of natural changes to environments on people and places – Succession: Primary

Answer 24

Primary succession occurs after a major impact has been felt on an ecosystem, resulting in total destruction. A community will be established where it has never been before in a previously unvegetated, bare area. Coastal and rocky environments provide examples of primary succession.

Question 25

Effects of natural changes to environments on people and places – Succession: Secondary

Answer 25

When succession occurs in an area that has been previously
occupied by a community, it is referred to as secondary succession.
This can occur after grazing, timber harvesting or fire, or another
mass disturbance has cleared an area.

Question 26

Effects of natural changes to environments on people and places –
Day to night

Answer 26

Once the sun has set, temperatures decrease on both land and in bodies of water. This can lead to changes in the speed and direction of wind. Diurnal species are not able to function as well in the dark and may seek shelter.

Question 27

Effects of natural changes to environments on people and places – Seasons

Answer 27

Indigenous Australians understand the seasons and the natural changes that occur throughout them and utilise them to their advantage. They moved inland to hunt during the colder months and towards the coast to fish during the warmer months.

Question 28

Effects of natural changes to environments on people and places – Tides

Answer 28

Beachside developments such as piers and marinas have influenced the natural tidal processes and marine life. King tides can lead to the loss of sand dunes and coastal vegetation, and can also lead to flooding of developed areas.

Question 29

Effects of natural changes to environments on people and places – Fire

Answer 29

Fire can be devastating to an environment and animals living in that environment, but when done in controlled measures can repopulate and be essential in the growth of an environment

Question 30

Effects of natural changes to environments on people and places – Flood

Answer 30

The effects of flood can sometimes be devastating to those who live in low-lying areas, with loss or damage to life and property. Flooding can also be essential in the reproductive cycle of some plants such as the river red gum.

Question 31

Effects of natural changes to environments on people and places – Drought

Answer 31

Some of the impacts of drought on the outdoor environment not only include the initial loss of crops and livestock, toxic algae outbreaks and increased threat of bushfires, but also erosion and the loss of the valuable topsoil, leaving land infertile for years to come.

Question 32

Essential knowledge of specific environments

Answer 32

• good planning and preparation
• facilities available
• expected weather conditions

Question 33

Decomposers

Answer 33

are responsible for breaking down dead fauna, whose nutrients is absorbed back into the ground and therefore the cycle.

Question 34

Examples of decomposers

Answer 34

• bacteria
• lichen
• fungi

Question 35

Recreation development zones

Answer 35

to provide for high-use visitor nodes (50000) with a concentration of recreation

Question 36

Conservation and recreation zones

Answer 36

protect natural environments, provide sustainable small-scale recreation activities

Question 37

Conservation zones

Answer 37

protect sensitive natural environment, provide minimal impact recreation activities

Question 38

Wilderness zones

Answer 38

protect or enhance the unmodified condition of an area

Question 39

Reference area zones

Answer 39

protect relatively undisturbed land types for comparative study with land types else where

Question 40

Education Zones

Answer 40

to provide environmental education in relatively undisturbed areas.

Question 41

Succession

Answer 41

the process of change in the species structure over a long period of time

Question 42

primary succession example

Answer 42

after sand has been deposited by waves and formed into dunes, salt-tolerant plants will become established and their roots will bind to the sand

Question 43

secondary succession example

Answer 43

a previously logged forest growing back and becoming similar to the previous environment