exam Flashcards
Code of Conduct
A set of rules outlining the responsibilities of, or proper practices for, an individual, group or organisation
Sustainable Development
Development which meets the needs of the present without comprising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
Minimal Impact
To have as little environmental impact as possible
Experiential Learning
Obtaining knowledge and understanding of the outdoors by participating in outdoor activities. Learning by doing
Positives of built environments
- indoors
- safe, controlled environment
- more accessible
Negatives of built environments
- disconnect people from true outdoors
- in order for built environments to be created, natural
environments need to be destroyed.
Mother Nature
The earth’s biosphere, all of the living on earth and the processes and systems that are a part of these living things
Motivations for participating in Outdoor experiences
Competence/Mastery
Stimulus Avoidance
Socialisation
Cognitive Reward
Competence/Mastery
When you are able to do something to a high standard
- being the first to achieve something
- being the best at something
Stimulus Avoidance
A type of negative reinforcement. We do something because it helps us to avoid something else.
- participating in outdoor experiences as an escape from our everyday life
- the health and wellbeing we get from participation
Socialisation
The social benefits we get form participating in outdoor experiences
- personal and social development
- the feeling of community we get from doing things with others
Cognitive Reward
The mental rewards we get from participating in outdoor experiences
- learning something new
- obtaining an adrenaline rush
Wilderness
Can be explained as ‘natural’ and ‘untouched’, wild places. A wilderness environment is either big, remote or untouched.
Big
wilderness area needs to be big enough to be self-sufficient in terms of maintaining its ecosystem processes and biological diversity. at least 2000 hectares
Remote
refers to the ease in which we can access a place. Is typically far away from large populations and does not have easy transportation access
Untouched
places on earth that humans are yet to travel to, live in or alter in some way…untouched means undamaged or unmodified…without major damaging impacts by humans
Urban Environments
Areas of permanent infrastructure designed to support higher population densities such as cities and towns.
Built Environments
Areas that have been modified by people and include Indoor rock climbing centres, artificial surfing reefs and indoor snow-skiing centres
Alpine
Alpine environments are mountainous regions which are subjected to snow and freezing temperatures. An example of this is Mount Bogong. Alpine regions only cover 0.5% of Australia’s mainland.
Marine
A marine biome is a large aquatic ecosystem that includes both saltwater and freshwater habitats. Marine biomes are found in all oceans. There are 13 marine national parks and 8 marine sanctuaries in Victoria.
Coastal
Coastal biomes refer to the areas where the land masses meet the seas and they consist of grasses and herbs such as the hairy spinefex. An example of this is Port Phillip bay. Only 5% of coastal areas are protected
Grasslands
Are made up of large open areas of grasses. They are found in northern and western parts of Victoria, as well as some parts of Gippsland. They receive 400-1000mm of rainfall per year
Endangered species from a alpine environment
Mountain Pygmy-possum
Endangered species from a marine environment
Burrunan Dolphin
Endangered species from a coastal environment
Orange-bellied parrot
Endangered species from a grasslands environment
Plains-wanderer
Flow
when a high skill level = a high challenge level. Individual should be fully immersed, no external forces should be able to affect them
Intrinsic motivations
Motivations we get from within e.g seeking an adrenaline rush
Extrinsic motivations
Motivations we get from outside ourselves, which are external to us e.g money
Awe
Positive. A feeling of admiration
Appreciation
Positive. The recognition of value, significance and enjoyment of the good qualities of an environment
Contemplation
Positive. Observing as well as thinking and reflecting about an outdoor environment.
Fear
Negative. An unpleasant emotion, making someone scared (fear of water, the dark etc)
Curiosity
Negative. Uncertainty of an outdoor experience or adventure, and the negative effect it has on us
Outdoor environments as a resource
Something from the environment that supplies, supports or aids humans in some way. (Forests for wood)
Outdoor environments as a recreation/adventure
Participating in outdoor activities for fun, pleasure and adventure. (snowboarding, rock climbing, hiking)
Outdoor environments as a spiritual connection
Taking time out from the city and everyday life to be amongst nature and reconnecting with the natural world (sleeping under the stars)
Outdoor environments as a study site.
A location or place where investigation, analysis and other activities occur in the pursuit of knowledge (observation, testing)
Absolute risk
Uppermost limit of risk (If a rock climber is climbing and decides to take off their safety gear, absolute risk will become present)
Real risk
The amount of risk that actually exists at a given moment (If a rock climber is harnessed and secured, the real risk is very low.)
Perceived risk
Individuals subjective assessment of the real risk present at any time. (A rock climber who is wearing safety gear believing that she is going to fall)
Environmental risks
Originate from the environment itself, includes factors such as weather, terrain, animals, etc.
Equipment related risks
risks linked to equipment we use whilst outdoors. Including clothing, surfboards, tents, ropes etc
People related risks
Risks that are linked to participants (someone incorrectly belaying)
How does the media portray outdoor environents
- To celebrate nature and the outdoors
- To sell a place or an experience
- To inform
- To understand and develop our knowledge
- To challenge
- To scare
How does the media influence outdoor environments
By tapping into our personal and emotional responses. Media can:
- Inform Us
- Influence us
- Motivate us
- Change our behaviour
2 rock climbing code of conducts
- Always wear a helmet
- Don’t chip at the rock or bolt into it
2 bushwalking code of conducts
- Stay on the track provided
- avoid marking the track with tape or rock cairns
Planning interactions with the outdoors (minimal impact)
- plan ahead and prepare
- travel and camp on durable surfaces
- dispose of waste properly
- leave what you find as is
- pack in pack out
socioeconomic status
an individual or family’s economic and social position compared to others based on income, education and occupation. (low socioeconomic status = low money = limited range of activities available)
cultural background
Factors including ethnicity, race, religion which may affect your outdoor experience. (muslim women cannot swim with men)
age
can affect what activities a person is able to participate in. The technique which they use and to what intensity they are able to complete the activity
gender
Male or female, or what you identify as. Some stereotypes will discourage men or women from completing certain activities
physical ability
The quality of being able to perform some type of physical action. (someone with a physical impairment may not be able to complete specific activities)
What technologies did you use in practical experiences in Term 1 and 2
We used surfboards, leg ropes, helmets, wetsuits, harnesses, maps, ropes etc.
Positives of technology
- gives unskilled participants an opportunity to partake
- makes people feel safe and grants a sense of security
- e.g synthetic fibres have new characteristics which allow people to endure tougher outdoor conditions
Negatives of techonology
- We rely too much on technology
- new tech is leading to the deskilling of outdoor enthusiasts
- disconnects us from the natural world
Adventure Paradigm
- Devastation and Disaster (results in serious harm or death)
- Misadventure (challenge becomes to much)
- Peak Adventure (flow, optimal arousal and maximal performance)
- Adventure (competence > risk)
- Exploration and Experimentation (task is easy)
Outdoor environments from a economic perspective
What the natural environment can provide in terms of resources and income opportunities. It can be directly linked to profit - such as tourism, farming, fishing or activity.
Outdoor environments from a ecological perspective
Concerning biological sciences and the science that exists within the different ecosystems along with the interrelationship of all living organisms.
Outdoor environments from a social perspective
The human interaction with an environment. It refers to the actions of a society or a community (rather than of individuals).
