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SA2 Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of mineralocorticoids deficiency

A 
hypotension
hyperkalemia
hyponatremia 
elevated plasma renin activity 
if primary adrenal insufficiency>> add fludrocortisone
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2
Q

Neurologic manifestations in lyme diseases

A

Lymphocytic meningitis
Cranial nerve palsies (most common> facial)
radiculoneuritis

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3
Q

suspecting one’s colleague is an impaired physician >what to do?

A

Report to the physician health program

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4
Q

First line treatment in bulimia nervosa

A

Fluoxetina

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5
Q

CMV congenital infections sign>

A

Periventricular calcifications
microcephaly
Common to other congenital infections> hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, IGR, petechial rash

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6
Q

Sunburn management>

A

Mild >Topical: cool compresses, calamine/Oral:NSAIDS

Severe> hospitalization, IV fluids

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7
Q

Acute gouty arthritis treatment>

A

NSAIDS (if not contraindicated)

Colchicine (not ideal in elders or CKD)

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8
Q

Threatened abortion treatment >

A

Outpatient with repeat ultrasound

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9
Q

Acute liver failure diagnosis:

A

ALT & AST > 1000
Signs hepatic encephalopathy
Synthetic liver dysfunction (INR >1.5)

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10
Q

Narcolepsy clues and diagnosis

A

Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations / cataplexy

Decreased REM latency!!!! >Polysomnography

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11
Q

Travel history + bloody diarrhea

A

Entamoeba histolytica

Diagnosis= > Stool microscopy for ova and parasites

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12
Q

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

A

History of asthma or cystic fibrosis
Recurrent exacerbations
Also present: Hemoptysis / eosinophilia
Diagnosis: CT bronchiectasis / Aspergillus IgE
Treatment: inhaled corticosteroids / itraconazole

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13
Q

Prerenal acute kidney injury clues

A

↑ sCR
↓ diuresis
BUN/Scr >20:1
FeNa <1%

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14
Q

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea

A

LOW strogens and FSH LH GNRH

negative progesterone challenge

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15
Q

Loss of communicative skills
deceleration in head growth
hand clapping in a toddler

A

Rett syndrome

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16
Q

Candida microscopic features

A

Pseudohyphae with budding yeast forms

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17
Q

Carbamazepine and pregnancy

A

supplement folic acid > 4 mg daily > increased risk of neural tube abnormalities

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18
Q

Eczema
Micro-thrombocytopenia
Recurrent infections
Diagnosis

A

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome

X reccesive

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19
Q

Adrenal hyperplasia diagnostic test

A

17 hyprogesterone level

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20
Q

Cushing syndrome evaluation

A

24 h urine cortisol /salivary 11 PM > suppression test

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21
Q

SIADH clues

A

Euvolemic
Hyponatremia
urine >100 mOsm/kg

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22
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Hypernatremia
Diluted urine <300 mosm/kg
hypovolemia

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23
Q

Favorable prognostic factors in schizophrenia

A

–Acute onset
-identifiable precipitants
–older age at onset
–Present of positive symptoms

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24
Q

HYpogonadism / hypothyroidism
DM II
Cardiomyopathy / conduction abnormalities
cirrhosis

A

Hemochromatosis

Iron overload / increased absorption

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25
Fluctuating cognition /attention Visual hallucinations Parkinsonism
Lewy bodies dementia
26
Weeks after MI persistent ST segment elevation along with Q waves on those leads > CHF / embolization
Ventricular aneurysm
27
Abdominal pain / nausea Distended small bowel loops / air fluid levels hyperactive bowel sounds
small bowel obstruction
28
Elevated PTT | Miscarriages
Antiphospholipid syndrome
29
Emergency transfusion products:
O negative, rhesus negative RBC units
30
Meningitis sign in immunocompromised | Cultures + for gram positive bacillus
Listeria Monocytogenes
31
Initial treatment for OA
Exercise Weight loss Simple analgesics
32
Chalazion etiology
Granulomatous reaction due to an obstructed meibonian tear gland
33
Baby < p10 for gestational age Normal growth interval Normal uterine artery Doppler
Small for gestational age No adverse outcomes
34
Abdominal pain and distention Constipation Partial or total colonic dilatation Diagnosis ?
Acute colonic pseudoobstruction CT required to make diagnosis
35
Post traumatic stress disorder treatment
Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy SSRI SNRI Prazocin for nightmares
36
Initial procedure for massive hemoptysis
Broncoscopy
37
Lithium side effects
Diabetes insipidus Thyroid dysfunction Tremor CNS disturbance
38
Valproic acid main side effect
Liver dysfunction
39
SIADH
HyponAtremia in a euvolemic patients | All electrolytes are low
40
Myasthenia gravis treatment
Pyridostigmine (anti cholinestarase inhibitors | Immunotherapy
41
DRESS syndrome
Drug reaction > allopurinol Rash > morbilliform eruption Eosinophilia Systemic symptoms
42
P vivax treatment
requires | Primaquine + Chloroquine or artemisinin-based
43
Akathisia most likely due to:
Prochlorperazine, promethazine, metoclopramide | ––Dopamine antagonists
44
Testicular torsion most likely due to:
Inadequate fixation of the lower pole of the testis to the tunica vaginalis
45
Adolesce adherence, most powerful factor:
Peers
46
Cavitary lesions in a smoker, most likely malignancy:
Squamous cell carcinoma
47
Substance-induced mood disorder >
Requires symptoms after taking a drug
48
Genital warts treatment
Immunologic: Imiquimod Chemical: podophyllin In pregnancy > trichloroacetic acid Surgery> cryotherapy, laser therapy
49
Patient with mechanical prosthetic heart valve: New onset of hemolysis Holosystolic murmur Most likely etiology:
Valve dysfunction
50
Microscopic colitis
Watery diarrhea, also nocturnal urgency - incontinence woman >50 yo smoker Biopsy> inflammatory infiltrates with a monocytic predominance
51
Hepatic encephalopathy treatment:
Acute> look for precipitating factors | Start with lactulose aiming to 2-3 semi-formed stools daily > if not effective > add rifaximin
52
Legionella pneumonia
``` Fever Bradycardia GI symptoms Delayed pulmonary symptoms Hyponatremia ```
53
Severe (<1 cm2) aortic valve stenosis treatment :
Valve replacement
54
Uric acid kidney stones due to:
↑ Uric acid acidic urine Treatment: urine alkalinization with potassium bicarbonate or potassium citrate
55
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia | B cell malignancy
``` Hyperviscosity syndrome(vision changes, headaches, confusion, ataxia) neuropathy bleeding hepatosplenomegaly lymphadenopathy ``` IgM spike Tx: Plasma exchange
56
Pregnancy thyroid hormones changes:
↑ Total T3 / T4 Normal free T4 suppressed TSH
57
D xylose test
Impaired absorption and therefore excretion > celiac disease
58
Wiskott Aldrich syndrome > clinical clues and etiology
Eczema Microthrombocytopenia Recurrent infections Due to> WAS protein impairment > cytoskeleton regulation
59
Diagnosis of vertebral osteomyelitis
MRI with gadolinium
60
Endocarditis murmur
Right sided lesions commonly tricuspid regurgitation > holosystolic murmur increase with inspiration
61
Bitemporal hemianopsia Endocrinopathies Suprasellar calcified mass on imaging
Craniopharyngioma
62
Malaria chemoprophilaxis
Atovaquone proguanil Doxycycline Mefloquine
63
Bhcg function
Corpus luteum preservation till placenta is able to maintain progesterone production Alpha subunit common to TSH FH LH
64
Erysipelas is caused by:
Group A Strep (pyogenes)
65
Tissue invasive CMV disease
Pneumonitis Gastroenteritis Hepatitis
66
Hepatic encephalopathy treatment
First: Hydration Repletion of potassium Fix metabolic acidosis
67
Endometriosis clinical clue s
Pain peaks before menses | Dyspareunia
68
Chondrocalcinosis is often associated with :
Hemochromatosis Also cirrhosis, dm, hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, cardiomyopathy, increased susceptibility to Listeria, Vibrio vulnificus, Yersinia.
69
Focal seizures diagnosis clues
>29 seconds | Not provoked by hyperventilation
70
CMV congenital infection
Saliva exposure Periventricular calcifications low or Normal head circumference
71
Congenital toxoplasmosis
Exposure to undercooked food, cat feces Macrocephaly Diffuse intracranial calcifications Jaundice, growth restriction, hepatosplenomegaly. Blueberry muffin spots
72
Senile purpura etiology
perivascular connective tissue atrophy
73
Proteinuria for preeclampsia diagnosis
>300 mg/24 h protein/creatinine ratio >0.3 >1+ dipstick
74
Equal diastolic pressure among ventricles
Cardiac tamponade
75
``` Osteogenesis imperfecta due to: recurrent fractures blue sclera hearing loss short stature scoliosis ```
mutations on type on collagen genes
76
Recurrent kidney stones positive family history hexagonal crystal on urinalysis urinary cyanide nitroprusside test +
cystinuria
77
Most common valvular abnormality detected in patients with endocarditis
Mitral prolapse with regurgitation

CK (12 decks)

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