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CK > SA2 > Flashcards

SA2 Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of mineralocorticoids deficiency

A 
hypotension
hyperkalemia
hyponatremia 
elevated plasma renin activity 
if primary adrenal insufficiency>> add fludrocortisone
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2
Q

Neurologic manifestations in lyme diseases

A

Lymphocytic meningitis
Cranial nerve palsies (most common> facial)
radiculoneuritis

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3
Q

suspecting one’s colleague is an impaired physician >what to do?

A

Report to the physician health program

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4
Q

First line treatment in bulimia nervosa

A

Fluoxetina

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5
Q

CMV congenital infections sign>

A

Periventricular calcifications
microcephaly
Common to other congenital infections> hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, IGR, petechial rash

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6
Q

Sunburn management>

A

Mild >Topical: cool compresses, calamine/Oral:NSAIDS

Severe> hospitalization, IV fluids

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7
Q

Acute gouty arthritis treatment>

A

NSAIDS (if not contraindicated)

Colchicine (not ideal in elders or CKD)

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8
Q

Threatened abortion treatment >

A

Outpatient with repeat ultrasound

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9
Q

Acute liver failure diagnosis:

A

ALT & AST > 1000
Signs hepatic encephalopathy
Synthetic liver dysfunction (INR >1.5)

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10
Q

Narcolepsy clues and diagnosis

A

Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations / cataplexy

Decreased REM latency!!!! >Polysomnography

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11
Q

Travel history + bloody diarrhea

A

Entamoeba histolytica

Diagnosis= > Stool microscopy for ova and parasites

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12
Q

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

A

History of asthma or cystic fibrosis
Recurrent exacerbations
Also present: Hemoptysis / eosinophilia
Diagnosis: CT bronchiectasis / Aspergillus IgE
Treatment: inhaled corticosteroids / itraconazole

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13
Q

Prerenal acute kidney injury clues

A

↑ sCR
↓ diuresis
BUN/Scr >20:1
FeNa <1%

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14
Q

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea

A

LOW strogens and FSH LH GNRH

negative progesterone challenge

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15
Q

Loss of communicative skills
deceleration in head growth
hand clapping in a toddler

A

Rett syndrome

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16
Q

Candida microscopic features

A

Pseudohyphae with budding yeast forms

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17
Q

Carbamazepine and pregnancy

A

supplement folic acid > 4 mg daily > increased risk of neural tube abnormalities

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18
Q

Eczema
Micro-thrombocytopenia
Recurrent infections
Diagnosis

A

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome

X reccesive

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19
Q

Adrenal hyperplasia diagnostic test

A

17 hyprogesterone level

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20
Q

Cushing syndrome evaluation

A

24 h urine cortisol /salivary 11 PM > suppression test

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21
Q

SIADH clues

A

Euvolemic
Hyponatremia
urine >100 mOsm/kg

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22
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Hypernatremia
Diluted urine <300 mosm/kg
hypovolemia

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23
Q

Favorable prognostic factors in schizophrenia

A

–Acute onset
-identifiable precipitants
–older age at onset
–Present of positive symptoms

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24
Q

HYpogonadism / hypothyroidism
DM II
Cardiomyopathy / conduction abnormalities
cirrhosis

A

Hemochromatosis

Iron overload / increased absorption

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25
Q

Fluctuating cognition /attention
Visual hallucinations
Parkinsonism

A

Lewy bodies dementia

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26
Q

Weeks after MI
persistent ST segment elevation along with Q waves on those leads
> CHF / embolization

A

Ventricular aneurysm

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27
Q

Abdominal pain / nausea
Distended small bowel loops / air fluid levels
hyperactive bowel sounds

A

small bowel obstruction

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28
Q

Elevated PTT

Miscarriages

A

Antiphospholipid syndrome

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29
Q

Emergency transfusion products:

A

O negative, rhesus negative RBC units

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30
Q

Meningitis sign in immunocompromised

Cultures + for gram positive bacillus

A

Listeria Monocytogenes

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31
Q

Initial treatment for OA

A

Exercise
Weight loss
Simple analgesics

32
Q

Chalazion etiology

A

Granulomatous reaction due to an obstructed meibonian tear gland

33
Q

Baby < p10 for gestational age
Normal growth interval
Normal uterine artery Doppler

A

Small for gestational age

No adverse outcomes

34
Q

Abdominal pain and distention
Constipation
Partial or total colonic dilatation

Diagnosis ?

A

Acute colonic pseudoobstruction

CT required to make diagnosis

35
Q

Post traumatic stress disorder treatment

A

Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy
SSRI SNRI
Prazocin for nightmares

36
Q

Initial procedure for massive hemoptysis

A

Broncoscopy

37
Q

Lithium side effects

A

Diabetes insipidus
Thyroid dysfunction
Tremor
CNS disturbance

38
Q

Valproic acid main side effect

A

Liver dysfunction

39
Q

SIADH

A

HyponAtremia in a euvolemic patients

All electrolytes are low

40
Q

Myasthenia gravis treatment

A

Pyridostigmine (anti cholinestarase inhibitors

Immunotherapy

41
Q

DRESS syndrome

A

Drug reaction > allopurinol
Rash > morbilliform eruption
Eosinophilia
Systemic symptoms

42
Q

P vivax treatment

A

requires

Primaquine + Chloroquine or artemisinin-based

43
Q

Akathisia most likely due to:

A

Prochlorperazine, promethazine, metoclopramide

––Dopamine antagonists

44
Q

Testicular torsion most likely due to:

A

Inadequate fixation of the lower pole of the testis to the tunica vaginalis

45
Q

Adolesce adherence, most powerful factor:

A

Peers

46
Q

Cavitary lesions in a smoker, most likely malignancy:

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

47
Q

Substance-induced mood disorder >

A

Requires symptoms after taking a drug

48
Q

Genital warts treatment

A

Immunologic: Imiquimod
Chemical: podophyllin
In pregnancy > trichloroacetic acid
Surgery> cryotherapy, laser therapy

49
Q

Patient with mechanical prosthetic heart valve:
New onset of hemolysis
Holosystolic murmur
Most likely etiology:

A

Valve dysfunction

50
Q

Microscopic colitis

A

Watery diarrhea, also nocturnal
urgency - incontinence
woman >50 yo smoker
Biopsy> inflammatory infiltrates with a monocytic predominance

51
Q

Hepatic encephalopathy treatment:

A

Acute> look for precipitating factors

Start with lactulose aiming to 2-3 semi-formed stools daily > if not effective > add rifaximin

52
Q

Legionella pneumonia

A 
Fever
Bradycardia
GI symptoms
Delayed pulmonary symptoms
Hyponatremia
53
Q

Severe (<1 cm2) aortic valve stenosis treatment :

A

Valve replacement

54
Q

Uric acid kidney stones due to:

A

↑ Uric acid
acidic urine

Treatment: urine alkalinization with potassium bicarbonate or potassium citrate

55
Q

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

B cell malignancy

A 
Hyperviscosity syndrome(vision changes, headaches, confusion, ataxia)
neuropathy
bleeding
hepatosplenomegaly 
lymphadenopathy

IgM spike

Tx: Plasma exchange

56
Q

Pregnancy thyroid hormones changes:

A

↑ Total T3 / T4
Normal free T4
suppressed TSH

57
Q

D xylose test

A

Impaired absorption and therefore excretion > celiac disease

58
Q

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome > clinical clues and etiology

A

Eczema
Microthrombocytopenia
Recurrent infections

Due to> WAS protein impairment > cytoskeleton regulation

59
Q

Diagnosis of vertebral osteomyelitis

A

MRI with gadolinium

60
Q

Endocarditis murmur

A

Right sided lesions commonly tricuspid regurgitation > holosystolic murmur increase with inspiration

61
Q

Bitemporal hemianopsia
Endocrinopathies
Suprasellar calcified mass on imaging

A

Craniopharyngioma

62
Q

Malaria chemoprophilaxis

A

Atovaquone proguanil
Doxycycline
Mefloquine

63
Q

Bhcg function

A

Corpus luteum preservation till placenta is able to maintain progesterone production
Alpha subunit common to TSH FH LH

64
Q

Erysipelas is caused by:

A

Group A Strep (pyogenes)

65
Q

Tissue invasive CMV disease

A

Pneumonitis
Gastroenteritis
Hepatitis

66
Q

Hepatic encephalopathy treatment

A

First:
Hydration
Repletion of potassium
Fix metabolic acidosis

67
Q

Endometriosis clinical clue s

A

Pain peaks before menses

Dyspareunia

68
Q

Chondrocalcinosis is often associated with :

A

Hemochromatosis

Also cirrhosis, dm, hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, cardiomyopathy, increased susceptibility to Listeria, Vibrio vulnificus, Yersinia.

69
Q

Focal seizures diagnosis clues

A

> 29 seconds

Not provoked by hyperventilation

70
Q

CMV congenital infection

A

Saliva exposure

Periventricular calcifications
low or Normal head circumference

71
Q

Congenital toxoplasmosis

A

Exposure to undercooked food, cat feces

Macrocephaly
Diffuse intracranial calcifications
Jaundice, growth restriction, hepatosplenomegaly.
Blueberry muffin spots

72
Q

Senile purpura etiology

A

perivascular connective tissue atrophy

73
Q

Proteinuria for preeclampsia diagnosis

A

> 300 mg/24 h
protein/creatinine ratio >0.3
1+ dipstick

74
Q

Equal diastolic pressure among ventricles

A

Cardiac tamponade

75
Q 
Osteogenesis imperfecta due to: 
recurrent fractures 
blue sclera 
hearing loss
short stature 
scoliosis
A

mutations on type on collagen genes

76
Q

Recurrent kidney stones
positive family history
hexagonal crystal on urinalysis
urinary cyanide nitroprusside test +

A

cystinuria

77
Q

Most common valvular abnormality detected in patients with endocarditis

A

Mitral prolapse with regurgitation

CK (12 decks)

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