Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CK > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

DVT treatment

A

Anticoagulation

Several options

End-stage renal failure: Unfractionated heparin followed by warfarin is prefered

Vena cava filters when anticoagulation is contraindicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Contraindications for anticoagulation

A

Intracraneal hemorrhage
Active bleeding
Malignant hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Warfarin

A

interrupts synthesis Vit K related coagulation factors

Goal: INR 2-3

Bleeding: fresh frozen plasma / less severe vit k IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Plummer vinson syndrome

A

Iron deficiency anemia, esophageal webs, dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How to differentiate iron deficiency anemia vs Thalassemia ?

A

Same: ⬇️HB MCV

Clues: RBW, RBC normal in thalassemia ⬆️ in iron deficiency
Target cells

B thalassemia have HA2in electrophoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What to do to prevent non hemolytic blood transfusion reactions ?

A

Leukoreduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Boys 13-16 YO are in higher risk

RX: sunburst pattern & periosteal elevation (codman triangle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Erythropoietin adverse effects

A

––Worsening HTN
––headaches
––Flu like symptoms
––Red cell aplasia (rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Decreased haptoglobin [ ] ?

A

It binds free hb —> if intravascular hemolysis —> Decreased level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Necrotic skin lesions 5 days after heparin injection ?

A

Hep induced thrombocytopenia&raquo_space; Exposition of neoantigen and production of antibodies
>50% reduction platelets
arterial or venous thrombosis

DX: serotonin release assay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hemolysis + cytopenias + Venous thrombosis (abdominal)

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
dx: confirmed by absence of CD55 CD59
tx: fe and folate
Eculizumab (monoclonal antibd that inhibits complement activation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Patient underwent bone marrow transplantation, donated by his brother, after some days he develops–Maculopapular rash involving palms, soles and face, blood positive diarrhea, and abnormal liver function test

A

Acute graft vs host disease
50% if matching siblings
Skin-liver-intestine

Due to recognition of host major and minor HLA antigens by donor T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Graft rejection (bone marrow transplant)

A

⬇️ Myelopoiesis

T lymphos rejecting the graft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Smudge cells & severe lymphocytosis

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

high carboxyhemoglobin levels

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning&raquo_space; Carboxyhb has ⬆️ affinity to O2 –> tissue hypoxia —> ⬆️ EPO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

Monoclonal plasma cell proliferation

Dx clues:

  • PAIN!!! 😖&raquo_space; Osteolytic lesions
  • Anemia
  • Renal insufficiency > Bence jones protein in uroana
  • Hypercalcemia>Fatigue, constipacion
  • Monoclonal paraproteinemia
17
Q

Fanconi anemia

A

Autosomal recessive or X linked disorder

–Aplastic anemia
–Short stature, abnormal thumbs, microcephaly
–Hypopygmented/hyperpigmented areas, café au lait spots, large freckles

18
Q

Prostate cancer history + orchidectomy + pain from metastasis

A

Radiation

If not castrated –> Flutamide + LHRH agonist is an option

19
Q

TTP

A 
⬇️Platelets
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Neurologic symptoms
Renal failure 
Fever
20
Q

HUS

A

⬇️Platelets
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Renal failure

CHILD WITH HISTORY OF RECENT DIARRHEA

21
Q

Chronic disease anemia

A

⬇️ Fe, /// TIBC, transferritin > decreased in fe deficiency
⬆️ Ferritin (elevated in fe deficiency)
Normal serum tranferritin receptors

22
Q

Porphirias

A

Due to porphyrins accumulation

Precipitated by drugs ! Alcohol!!

Photodermatitis (Cutanea tarda: blisters)
Neuro psych symptoms
Abdominal pain 
seizures
Pink urine
23
Q

CML

A

BCR ABEL translocation > Philadelphia chromosome

Non specific symptoms, splenomegaly, very high WBC

Tx: Imatinib > 🚫 BCR ABL tyrosine kinase

24
Q

Non Hodgkin lymphoma

A

B cell malignancy (30 or 60 yo males)
Multiple lymph nodes involved

Pel ebstein fevers (fevers for 1 week>then normal)
pruritus

25
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma

A

more localized
Reed stemberg cells
B symptoms

CK (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions