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CK > High yield > Flashcards

High yield Flashcards

1
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A

Folate vs Vit B12 deficiency

Hypersegmented PMNS +

Methylmalonic acid & Homocysteina ⬆️ > Vit B12 def (Schilling test if no radiolabeled in urine > pernicious anemia)

Normal MMA + Homocysteine ⬆️ > Folate

Non megaloblastic: alcohol liver disease

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2
Q

Sickle cell disease complications

A

HbS

––Aplastic crisis >> Parvovirus b19
––Autosplenectomy 
––Osteomelitis >> Salmonella 
––Dactylitis, priapism, acute chest syndrome
––Renal papillary necrosis
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3
Q

Sickle cell presentation

A

Hemolysis leading to&raquo_space;

––Anemia
––jaundice
––cholelithiasis
––⬆️Cardiac output 
––Infections for encapsulated (pneumococcal sepsis)
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4
Q

Hypertension + Hypokalemia

A

THINK IN–Hyperaldosteronism

Preferred initial screening test: Plasma aldosterone/plasma renin ratio
🚫Spironolactone

> 20 + Aldosterone >15 ng dl&raquo_space;> Aldosterone suppression tests &raquo_space;> IF +&raquo_space; Imaginig

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5
Q

Glasgow coma scale

A

Eye opening- 4
Verbal response- 5
Motor response- 6

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6
Q

CMV acute infection

A

Mononucleosis like symptoms +
Negative heterophile antib and positive cmv Igm

Also&raquo_space; Mild pharyingitis
lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly

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7
Q

Ludwig angina

A

Cellulitis of the submandibular space due to dental infections

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8
Q

Central retinal artery occlusion

A

Acute painless monoocular vision loss
clue: cherry red spot, pupil slow reaction to light

Evaluate for a embolic

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9
Q

Retinal vein occlusion

A

Hemorrhages and venous engorgement

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10
Q

Retinal detachment

A

Flashes & floaters > monocular vision loss

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11
Q

Vitreous hemorrhage

A

History of diabetes

Clue: Sudden loss of vision & floaters
Fundis hard to visualiza

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12
Q

Nocardia

A

Gram + partially acid fasr filamentous branching rods

TB like symptoms> if pulmonary > TMP SMX
If brain abs> Carbapenems

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13
Q

Parkinson disease

A

Tremor
Rigidity
Bradikynesia (narrow based gait, hypokinetic) 👔

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14
Q

Metabolic syndrom

A

At least 3:

  • Abdominal obesity (men >40 inches women >35)
  • Fasting glucose >110
  • Blood pressure >130/80
  • Triglycerides >150
  • HDL <40 and <50

Insulin resistance key in pathogenesis !!

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15
Q

Osteomalacia

A

⬇️Vit D>
⬇️ Ca++ absorption >
⬆️ PTH >
⬆️Ca++ and ⬆️AP ⬇️ pO4

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16
Q

Pure motor weakness

A

Lacunar stroke

due to microatheromas or lipohyalinosis

17
Q

Lambert Eaton syndrome

A

Anti b against presynaptic memb voltage gated calcium channels

Proximal muscle weakness
autonomic dysfunction
NO DEEP TENDON REFLExES

tx: guanidine

18
Q

CMV esophagitis

A

Large linear ulceration on endoscopy

give ganciclovir

19
Q

Necrotizing surgical infection

A

Emergency!!!

Infection symptoms + SIRS + Paresthesia or anesthesia at the edges + cloudy gray discharge + subcutaneous gas

Antibiotics and debridement!!!

20
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

Due to Thiamine (vit b1 def) > Alcoholics, bullimia

🆗 Encepahlopathy (korsakoff’s dementia> horizontal nystagmus, confabulation, amnesia
)
🆗 Ophtalmoplegia > nystagmmus
🆗 Ataxia

21
Q

Most common chilhood malignancy

A

ALL

22
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Young adults african am
Cough, bilateral hilar adenopathy, hypercalcemia
Biopsy: noncaseating granuloma
Tx: corticoids º

23
Q

Vaccines in chronic liver disease

A 
Influenza
Tdap (Td Booster)
Influenza
Pneumococcal > p23 then pcv 13 and ppsv 23 at age 65
Hep A
Hep B
24
Q

Cyanide toxicity tx

A

Hydroxicobalamin or sodium thisulfate

25
Q

Causes of methahemoglobinemia?

A

Dapsone
Nitrates
Topical or local anesthetics

26
Q

Myotonic muscular dystrophy

A 
Most common in young adults 
Autosomal dominant 
Facial weakness, dysphagia
Arrythmias, cataracts, blading 
Testicular atrophy
27
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A 
X linked recessive 
2-3 YO 
Gower maneuver, progressive weakness 
cardiomyopathy
(Becker: less severe presentation)
28
Q

Common variable immunodeficiency

A 
Recurrent respiratory and GI infections 
autoimmune disorders 
Chronic lung disorders
Low Iggs
Tx: Iggs replacement
29
Q

Alcoholic hepatitis

A

AST/ ALT >2
⬆️GGTS bilis INR
⬇️ Albumin
Fatty liver

30
Q

Intraductal papilloma

A

Unilateral bloody nipple discharge

No masses No lymphadenopathy

31
Q

Risks for RDS

A

Male sex
perinatal asphyxia
maternal diabetes
Cesarean section without labor

32
Q

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

A

Hypercalcemia
⬆️ PTH
⬇️ urinary calcium excretion

33
Q

Positive hydrogen breath test

A

Lactose intolerance

34
Q

Alpha antitrypsin deficiency

A

COPD at a young age
COPD with minimal or no smoking
Unexplained liver disease
Destruction of lower lobes

CK (12 decks)

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