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CK > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Kussmaul sign

A

⬆️ JVP in inspiration

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2
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

cardioversion only if 🔽48 h and ETT NEG for intracardiac clot

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3
Q

RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY CAUSES?

A

sarcoidosis, amyloid, hemochrombtosis, endomyocardial fibrosis, scleroderma
CLASSIC CARDIAC FAILURE FEATURES !

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4
Q

AMYLOIDOSIS:

A

increased ventricular wall thickness with a non dilated left ventricular cavity &raquo_space; ALSO proteinuria, peripheral neuropathy, hepatomegaly, enlarged tongue, periorbital purport, thickening of the skin, anaemia,

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5
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

> > Autosomal dominant disease&raquo_space;> Exertional dyspnea, chest pain, palpitations, syncope&raquo_space; HARSH CRES-DECRES SYSTOLIC MURMUR HEARD BEST AT THE APEX AND LOWER LEFT EXTERNAL BORDER&raquo_space;> ⬆️ AFTERLOAD AND PRELOAD: MURMUR⬇️
⬇️PRELOAD: ⬆️MURMUR

bblockers

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6
Q

When is carotid endarderectomy indicated?

A

MEN
ASYMPTOMATIC IF >60%
SYMPTOMATIC > GRADE IIA 50% > GRADE IA 70%

WOMEN ONLY IF >70%

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7
Q

Pericarditis EKG

A

ST elevation in all leads ! > PR segment depression: most specific

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8
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

most common mitral stenosis (pregnant immigrant) Dysphagia, hoarseness, AF, hemoptysis > DIASTOLIC MURMUR > squatting and leg raising ⬆️

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9
Q

Digoxin toxicity

A

fatal arrhythmias / fatigue, weakness, color disturbances/ nausea, abdominal pain
Amiodarone&raquo_space;> increases risk of digoxin toxicity !

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10
Q

MITRAL regurgitation

A

Pansystolic radiating to the axilla

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11
Q

Aortic regurgitation

A

Wide pulse pressure
• Water-hammer (wide, bounding) pulse
• Quincke pulse (pulsations in the nail bed)
• Hill sign (BP in legs as much as 40 mm Hg above arm BP)
• Head bobbing (de Musset sign)
⬆️ Afterload &raquo_space; WORSE
Valsalva ( ⬇️ preload)&raquo_space; Better

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12
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Valsalva, hangrip > ⬇️
WEAK AND SLOW RISING CAROTID PULSE
Surgery works better

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13
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

right heart failure + calcifications around the heart in X ray

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14
Q

TAMPONADE:

A

hypotension, tachycardia, distended neck veins, clear lungs, EKG electrical alternate

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15
Q

Mitral regurgitation 3 days after MI

A

Sudden onset of shock, dyspnea, pulmonary edema. Mid-late systolic murmur.

—–> Papillary muscle rupture

Most common in inferior wall infarction

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16
Q

Aortic dissection

A

Suspicion ! > HTN, Marfan > Tearing pain > Pulse deficit, >20 mm hg between arms

Renal function OK? > Yes&raquo_space; Chest CT
Renal failure&iodine allergy> TEE

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17
Q

Urge urinary incontinence pathogenesis

A

Urethral hypermobility

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18
Q

Homocystinuria

A

Marfanoid body habitus
Fair hair and eyes
Developmental delay
CVA

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19
Q

Most common cause of neonatal sepsis

A

Group B streptococcus

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20
Q

Zenker diverticulum is due to:

A

Esophageal dysmotility

21
Q

predispose to intussusception

A

Hypertrophied peyer patches (due to viral gastroenteritis)

Zenker diverticulum

22
Q

first degree AV block treatment

A

No observation

possible electrophysiology testing

23
Q

Bath salts intoxication

A

Like PCP but longer duration

Might present with seizures

24
Q

Peritoneal irritation in bladder trauma

A

must be dome rupture

neck and anterior wall are extra peritoneal

25
Q

Every case of leukocoria is consider….

A

Retinoblastoma until proven otherwise

26
Q

Transudate pH

A 
near serum (7,45) 
exudates tend to be more acidic
27
Q

Chronic pancreatitis

A

Chronic epigastralgia
Malabsorption
DM II
CT: pancreatic calcifications

28
Q

Antipsychotics block D2 causing…

A

Hyperprolactinemia: galactorrhea, menstrual irregularities, infertility
Common atypical antipsy: risperidone and paliperidone

29
Q

Zollinger ellison syndrome with steatorrhea….

A

inactivation of pancreatic enzymes due to acidic duodenum pH

30
Q

acid-base status in aldosterone deficiency

A

Kidney loses Na and spares H+ / K+ leading to…

Normal anion gap acidosis

31
Q

If slowly return to baseline mental status after loss of consciousness suspect…

A

Seizure

Syncope> immediate return to baseline

32
Q

Small for gestational age dx:

A

Weight under p 10th > complications: hypoxia, hypothermia, POLYCYTHEMIA, hypocalcemia

33
Q

Vomiting causes:

A

Hypochloremia
hypokalemia
↑ HCO3
↓ H+

34
Q

Hypomagnesemia might cause ….

A

hypokalemia

35
Q

Renal colic might produce ileus due to

A

vagal reaction

36
Q

if maternal grave’s disease…

A

Neonatal thyrotoxicosis

due to TSH receptor antibody crosses placenta

37
Q

Oxygen in COPD indicated when :

A

Resting PaO2 <55 mmhg or SaO2<88%

PaO2 <59 mmhg or SaO2 <89% if cor pulmonale

38
Q

Medulloblastoma

A

2nd most common posterior fossa tumor

majority in cerebellar vermis > ataxia

39
Q

Nitroprusside might cause:

A

Cyanide toxicity

40
Q

kidney stones are more commonly composed by…

A

calcium oxalate

41
Q

Nephrotic syndrome in Hodgkin lymphoma …

A

most likely minimal change disease

42
Q

Solid malignancy and nephrotic syndrome due to:

A

Membranous glomerolopathy

43
Q

Fat embolism usually after a long bone fracture, signs:

A

Dyspnea
neurological impairments
Petechial rash

44
Q

Causes of digital clubbing

A

Lung malignancies
cystic fibrosis
Right to left cardiac shunts

45
Q

Most common cause of megaloblastic anemia in alcoholics

A

Folate deficiency

46
Q

First line therapy for myasthenia gravis

A

Pyridostigmine (long acting ach inhibitor)

Second line: immunotherapy / thymectomy

47
Q

Rivaroxaban not recommended in:

A

Renal impaired patients

48
Q

Acute lymphadenitis most likely due to:

A

S pyogenes and S aureus

CK (12 decks)

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