Peds Flashcards
Down syndrome
Most common chromosomal disorder, associated with maternal age
Hypotonia, macroglosia, upslanted eyes with epicanthal folds, simian crease,
http://www.womens-health-advice.com/assets/images/photos/down-syndrome.jpg
Patients with Down syndrome are in increased risk for:
ALL
ATLANTOAXIAL INSTABILITY»_space; COMPRESSION OF THE SPINAL CORD»_space; UPPER MOTOR NEURON SYMPTOMS
GI: Duodenal atresia, aganglionar colon
Cardio: AV cana 60% ASDs VSDs PDAs
Neuro: Early alzheimer’s
Kallman syndrome
no gnrh secretion
anosmia, no puberty, short folks
Reye syndrome
Aspirin in children
encephalopathy + acute liver injury [microvesicular fatty liver]
Cat 🐱 bite
What do you do?
tetanus booster if > 5 y after last , amoxicillin clavulanate due to risk of p Multocida and anaerobes infection
Jones criteria
Major:
––Migratory arthritis –– Carditis ––Nodules ––Erythema marginatum –– Corea
Minor:
––Fever ––Arthralgias ––Elevated ESR, PCR ––prolonged PCR
2 major or 1 major + 2 minor
Prevention: penicillin
Mumps complication
aseptic meningitis
Orchitis
Parotiditis
Subperiosteal hemorrhage involving one cranial bone:
Cephalomahematoma
If diffuse: caput succedaneum
Neonate with unconjugated (indirect) hyperbilirubinemia
Breast milk jaundice
Gilbert’s syndrome Crigler-Najar
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Physiologic > first 24 hours
If conjugated: + Hepatomegaly : Biliary atresia
Tricuspid valve atresia
Cyanotic
Left axis deviation + absent R waves
Pulmonary under-circulation
Obssesive compulsive disorder treatment
Non pharm: Cognitive behavioral therapy
pHARM: High dose SSRIs
ALSO clomipramina or antipsychotic
Treating hypernatremia
ONLY isotonic fluids initially
Non-cyanotic heart defects
VSD
ASD
PDA
cyanotic newborn, tachypnea, hypoxemia, single loud S2,
Most commonly> transposition of great vessels
Encapsulated microorganism
Hib
S pneumoniae
Pseudomonas
Ataxia telangiectasia
Auto recessive > ATM gene> DNA repair impairment
Cerebellar ataxia / oculocutaneous telangiectasias
↑ Cancer
Severe combined immunodeficiency due to…
ADA deficiency
Wiskott Aldrich syndrome
X linked recessive
↑ IgE / IgA ↓ IgM
Thrombocytopenia
(bleeding, eczema and recurrent otitis media)
Chronic granulomatous disease diagnosis
Deficient superoxide production
Neutrophil count with
nitroblue tetrazolium
Partial albinism
Peripheral neuropathy
Neutropenia
Chediak Higashi syndrome
X recessive > defect in neutrophil chemotaxis and microtubule polymerization
Pilonidal disease
Folliculitis> mass 4-5 cm cephalad to the anus
Avoiding confounding
Matching
restriction
randomization
Tumor lysis syndrome
Hyperkalemia
hyperphosphatemia
hyperuricemia
Osteosarcoma
common in male adolescents
No systemic symptoms
Local pain and swelling
Metaphyseal lesion!