SA- The response to apartheid, c1948–59 Flashcards
What % of black South Africans lived in towns and cities by 1946?
23%
When was the Immorality Act and what did it do?
1927, prohibited sex between black and white people
In 1946, how many black, coloured and white South Africans were there in SA? (roughly)
Black people= 7.8 mil
White people= 2.4 mil
Coloured= 900,000
What % of the white population were of British descent?
40%
Why did some Afrikaners resent SA’s support of Britain in WW2?
Many Afrikaners had ties with Germany and were Nazi sympathisers
What was the significance of Dutch Reform Church on Afrikaner attitudes to race? (2 things)
DRC reinforced idea that people of colour were inferior and white people were God’s “chosen race”
Believed the mixing of races could threaten the white race and therefore opposed mixed marriages and sexual relations
Who were the Broederbond?
They were an Afrikaner nationalist secret society, dedicated to Afrikaner interests.
Evidence of Broederbond’s influence during apartheid?
Every PM and State president in South Africa from 1948 to the end of Apartheid in 1994 was a member of the Broederbond
What did the Dutch Reform Church do to increase Afrikaner nationalism?
Provided Afrikaner schools and activities encouraging Afrikaner pride and superiority
When were black people disenfranchised in South Africa and through which act can this be seen?
In 1936, the Representation of Natives Act removed blacks from the Cape common voters roll.
How many SEATS did the NP and UP gain in 1948 election?
NP= 79 seats
UP= 71 seats
What % of those employed in manufacturing during WW2 were black? How was this made possible?
75%, made possible by the relaxation of restrictions on black people during the war to focus on war effort, as many white people became soldiers, leaving job vacancies.
Why were the UP weak in the 1948 election?
Lacked new ideas and had unclear/weak racial policies, which made Afrikaners see the UP to be potentially appeasing blacks.
What 2 Afrikaner terms relate to Afrikaner fears of black migration, and what are their meanings?
swart gevaar= black danger
oorstrooming= black flooding
When was the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act and what did it do?
1953, made it legal to provide separate facilities for black people. Reinforced petty apartheid.
When was the Bantu Education Act and what did it do?
1953, extended education to black children but segregated the content they were taught. Taught Afrikaans.
What % of black people were recorded as literate in 1951?
24%
When was the Population Registration Act and what did it do?
1950, allocated 1 of 4 races with identity documents given to show this
When was the Group Areas Act and what did it do? Include example of impacted place
1950, forced people of colour out of city centres, could be forcibly removed as can be seen by Sophiatown.
When was the Mixed Marriages Act and what did it do?
1949, banned interracial marriage
When was the Defiance Campaign?
1952
How many black Africans were NOT involved in the Defiance Campaign?
8 mil
What was the Defiance Campaign?
First large scale protest by ANC. Encouraged local protests through civil disobedience, where people would break laws (e.g. not carry passes) in an attempt to overwhelm prisons and show scale of opposition’s support. Hoped would lead to widespread national strikes and protests.
What did ANC membership increase from and to as a result of the Defiance Campaign?
from 4,000 to over 100,000
