SA- The end of apartheid and creation of the ‘rainbow nation’, 1984–94 Flashcards
When was UDF banned and how effective was this?
Banned 1987, ineffective, activities continued anyway as no central organisation to target.
What was the UDF and when was it founded? How many organisations was it made up of?
united Democratic Front (UDF) was founded in 1983 and was made up of 575 organisations to coordinate the internal opposition to apartheid.
What did the UDF want?
Hint: A South Africa based on what?
A new SA based on the Freedom Charter.
Estimated number of supporters for the UDF?
2 million
What happened as a result of increasing support for the UDF (form of protest) in the late 80s? Which organisations are particularly involved?
Include Stat
The number of days lost to strikes grew from 1 million in 1986 to 6 million in 1987. Indian Congresses and Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU).
How many people were killed as a result of political activity in 1985?
800 people
What was a key cause of township revolts? (include a specifc act then elaborate) What made this worse?
Community Council Act of 1977 set up elected township councils, who were seen as collaborators of the government. Additionally, they had to raise rent in order to maintain the townships which lead to increased strikes and violence.
Example of division within the opposition.
Hint: hostilities following a meeting
Relations turned hostile between Inkhata and the ANC after a failed conference in London in 1979.
What was Inkhata and when was it founded?
Founded in 1975, Zulu nationalist organisation which sought an independent Zulu homeland.
Who led Inkhata?
Mangosuthu Buthelezi
Example of organised political assassination from authorities in the late 1980s.
In 1987, the Civilian Co-operation Bureau was established to identify ‘enemies of the state’, after which the security forces would act.
For example, the assassination of the anti-apartheid activist David Webster in May 1989.
In 1986 alone how many black South Africans were shot dead by police?
500 black Africans
Evidence showing growth of the police force from 1981 to 1991?
49,000 in 1981 to 93,000 in 1991
What happened in 1985 regarding ANC protests?
(Include example of actions)
Protest increased significantly with the burning of government and council offices.
Where did a war begin in 1986 and how long did it last? And how many people rallied?
Alexandra and lasted 6 days. 40,000 people rallied.
2 examples of government suppression to prevent attention given to violent government acts.
the Inquest Act of 1982 outlawed the reportage of deaths in custody
the Police Act banned criticism of the security forces.
How did the police respond to the violence in Alexandra?
Responded with tear gas, and opened fire on a crowd of 6000, killing 4 residents.
What were those in Alexandra doing?
Burning houses, stoning cars and attacking police.
What did a Commonwealth Report suggest about SA and when?
1986, suggested that SA was on the brink of civil war.
What 2 things did the Dutch Reform Church do which a complete change from what can be seen from them at the beginning of apartheid? When did it do these things?
In 1986 the DRC denounced apartheid and in 1989 they condemned it as a sin.
When was Mandela released and how long had he been in prison?
Nelson Mandela was released on 11th February 1990 after 27 years in captivity.
When was the Mixed Marriages Act repealed?
1985
What % had the value of the rand fell by in 1985
35%
Example of rising inflation in the 80s and reason why.
Inflation rose by 7% between 1983 and 1986, due to sanctions
