SA Orthopedics Flashcards
What are the defining features of synovial joints?
Joint capsule
Joint cavity (containing synovial fluid)
Articular cartilage
What are the general characteristics of synovial joints?
Provide the greatest range of motions
Diarthrosis: joint that can move freely in various planes
Function to facilitate motility
What are the defining features of cartilaginous joints?
Little to no movement
Joined by cartilage= synchondroses
Joined by hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage or a combination
Made mostly of cartilage but has some fibrous
Can change with age
What are the two subtypes of cartilaginous joints?
Hayline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
What is the difference between Hayline cartilage and Fibrocartilage?
Hayline is temporary
Fibrocartilage is permanent
What are the general characteristics of fibrous joints?
Little to no movement
Made of collagen
No cartilage
What are the 3 subtypes of fibrous joints?
Suture
Syndesmosis
Gomphosis
What is a suture joint?
Junction between flat bones
little movement
often transitory
What is a syndesmosis joint?
contiguous boney surfaces connected by an interosseous ligament
large amount of connective tissue present
What is gomphosis?
Only joint that does not connect 2 bones
The teeth
Describe the structure of a synovial joint.
Two layered joint capsule with a outer fibrous joint capsule (the membrane) and an innter synovial membrane
What is the fibrous joint capsules function and what is it made of?
Provides support/stability
Type 1 collagen & some elastin
Proteoglycans
What is the function of proteoglycans?
Provides hydration and swelling pressure to the tissue enabling it to withstand compressional forces.
Draws & hold water
viscoelasticity
What is the inner synovial membrane function and what is it made of?
Produces synovial fluid & it is made of intimal layer and subintimal layer
What makes up the intimal layer of the synovial membrane?
Synovial A cells (phagocytosis/pinocytosis)
Synovial B cells (protein secretion)
What makes up the subintimal layer of the synovial membrane?
Fibrous, areolar & fatty tissue
blood supply
innnervation
What are the components of a synovial joint?
Fibrous joint capsule
Synovial membrane
Muscle & tendon
Synovial fluid
Hayline carilage
Ligament
Collagen
Proteoglycans
Aggercan
Chondrocytes
What is the function of Hayline cartilage?
Withstand compressive forces
Provide a low friction surface for articulation
Made of 70% water
What is the function of ligaments?
joints bones
What is the function of collagen?
Protein
Interlocking loops
Isotropic
Structural support
What is the function of aggercan?
Hydrated gel structure allowing for load bearing
What is the function of chondrocytes?
Mesenchymal cells
Produce & maintain the extracellular matrix
What is the pathogenesis for osteoarthritis?
trauma to the joint
loss of cartilage
Fibrillation
erosion & ulceration
inflammation of the synovium
Fibrosis of the joint capsule
What are the clinical signs for osteoarthritis?
Pain, crepitus, reduced range of motion, joint effusion
Radiographs (osteophytosis, sclerosis, joint effusion)
Joint fluid analysis
