Anatomy

Question 1

What bones are in the Shoulder/Scapular region?

Answer 1

Scapula

Question 2

What bones are in the brachium?

Answer 2

Humerus

Question 3

What bones are in the antebrachium?

Answer 3

Radius & Ulna

Question 4

What bones is typically the weight bearing bones of the antebrachium?

Answer 4

Radius

Question 5

What bones is typically the non weight bearing bones of the antebrachium?

Answer 5

Ulna

Question 6

What bones are in the manus?

Answer 6

Carpal, metacarpal, and phalanges

Question 7

What is the anatomical name of the shoulder joint?

Answer 7

Glenohumeral joint

Question 8

What is the anatomical name of the elbow joint and what three joints are within it?

Answer 8

Cubital joint and it contains:
humero-radial joint,
humero-ulnar joint,
& radio-ulnar joint

Question 9

What is the issues we will commonly see with the anconeal process of the ulna?

Answer 9

Doesn’t like to fuse properly due to a low growth plate and when it doesn’t unite you end up with arthritis in that elbow & it is painful

Question 10

What is the issues we will commonly see with the lateral and medial coronoid processes?

Answer 10

They like to fragment & result in lameness & are painful

Question 11

Where is the antebrachiocarpal joint located?

Answer 11

Between the antebrachium & the proximal rox of carpal bones

Question 12

Where is the middle carpal joint located?

Answer 12

Between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones

Question 13

Where is the intercarpal joint located?

Answer 13

among the individual carpal bones, between each carpal bone

Question 14

Where is the carpometacarpal joint located?

Answer 14

between the distal row of each carpal bone and the metacarpal bone(s)

Question 15

How accessible is the antebrachiocarpal/radiocarpal joint?

Answer 15

Opens widely
fully accessible
does not communicate with middle carpal & carpometacarpal joints

Question 16

How accessible is the middle carpal joint?

Answer 16

opens fully
accessible

Question 17

How accessible is the carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 17

does not open widely but it communicates with the middle carpal joint

Question 18

What is the main purpose of the collateral ligaments?

Answer 18

prevent medial and lateral motion
these are the ones that get ruptured when a limb takes a hit

Question 19

What is the purpose of the annular ligament of the elbow?

Answer 19

supports the rotary action of the head of the radius against the radial notch of the ulna

Question 20

What is a bursa?

Answer 20

friction reducer
synovial “pillow” between two high pressure points

Question 21

What is a tendon sheath?

Answer 21

are tube like synovial structures that allow smooth operation of the tendons and the sheath is filled with synovial fluid

Question 22

What is the Flexor Manica

Answer 22

Where the superficial digital flexor makes and opening for it to reach P2 & the deep digital flexor can continue to P3

Question 23

Where are the extensors of the carpus and digits located and what is their origin?

Answer 23

Craniolaterally
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Question 24

Where are the flexors of the carpus and digits located and what is their origin?

Answer 24

Caudomedially
Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 25

What ligament is maintained in hyperextension in cats?

Answer 25

Medial dorsal elastic ligament

Question 26

Where do large arteries tend to lie and why?

Answer 26

Medial and deep for protection

Question 27

What is collateral or recurrent circulation?

Answer 27

Supplemental flow to a region

Question 28

What are the major superficial veins of the thoracic limb and where do they go?

Answer 28

Cephalic vein Accessory cephalic travel to the head

Question 29

Where does the accessory cephalic vein begin?

Answer 29

Dorsally

Question 30

Where does the cephalic vein begin?

Answer 30

Palmarly

Question 31

What is the sequence of flow from the Subclavian artery to the median artery?

Answer 31

Subclavian Axillary Brachial Median (radial cats)

Question 32

What forms the brachial plexus?

Answer 32

formed from ventral branches of certain cervical & thoracic spinal nerves

Question 33

What do nerves first provide and pass toward coming from the brachial plexus?

Answer 33

first provide motor branches to ventral neck muscles then pass toward axillary space

Question 34

Why is the radial nerve important?

Answer 34

To bear weight, the limb must be in extension. The radial nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the forelimb

Question 35

If a horse can still extend the carpus it is probably a what?

Answer 35

Fractured olecronon

Question 36

If a horse CANNOT still extend the carpus it is probably a what?

Answer 36

Radial Nerve damage

Question 37

What are the major contributing motor nerves of the manus and where does it go to?

Answer 37

Ulnar nerve only goes to interosseous muscles & other minor muscles of forepaw

Question 38

What are the major contributing sensory nerves of the manus?

Answer 38

Radial nerve Medial nerve Ulnar nerve

Question 39

What is an autonomous zone and how is it clinically useful?

Answer 39

skin region typically supplied by a single spinal nerve useful for evaluating the integrity of a nerve