SA drugs and bugs

Question 1

Single agents with 4 quadrant coverage

Answer 1

clavamox; cefoxitin; chloramphenicol; pradofloxacin (in cats)

Question 2

Other useful (but expensive) single agents with 4 quadrant coverage

Answer 2

ticarcillin + clavulanic acid (Timentin); piperacillin + tazobactam (zosyn); meropenem (merrem)

Question 3

Drug combos with 4 quadrant coverage

Answer 3

TMS + amoxicillin; fluoroquinolone/aminoglycoside + amoxicillin + metronidazole; fluoroquinolone + clindamycin/clavamox/cefoxitin

Question 4

Uncomplicated UTI

Answer 4

Amoxicillin or clavamox; fluoroquinolone for suspected pyelonephritis

Question 5

Multi-drug resistant UTI

Answer 5

nitrofurantoin; cefovecin (convenia); chloramphenicol

Question 6

Urinary antiseptic

Answer 6

methanamine; cystitis only, must acidify urine

Question 7

Fungal UTI

Answer 7

Aspergillosis: fluconazole/voriconazole; Candida: fluconazole/voriconazole, nystatin infusion as a last resort

Question 8

Prostatitis

Answer 8

enrofloxacin is first choice

Question 9

Kennel Cough

Answer 9

supportive care; antibiotics rarely used; if severe in puppy use clavamox

Question 10

Feline upper respiratory disease complex

Answer 10

clavamox/doxy if chlamydia only bacteria involved

Question 11

Nasal aspergillosis

Answer 11

itraconazole first then voriconazole

Question 12

Pulmonary nocardiosis

Answer 12

TMS is drug of choice

Question 13

Skin

Answer 13

cefoxitin (1st gen cephalosporin); clavamox

Question 14

Malasessia (yeast) infection

Answer 14

ketoconazole; acetic acid; lime sulfur

Question 15

Bite wounds

Answer 15

clavamox

Question 16

Topical wounds/pyodermas

Answer 16

1:40 chlorhex; 0.5% silver sulfadiazine

Question 17

Cellulitis

Answer 17

clavamox

Question 18

Oral infections

Answer 18

Clindamycin for periodontal disease; clavamox better suited for bacteremia; metronidazole/doxy for severe infections

Question 19

Otitis

Answer 19

intact TM: otomax (gentamicin + clotrimazole + betamethasone); ruptured TM: 0.5%-1.0% silver sulfadiazine or baytril otic (enrofloxacine + silver sulfadiazine); Systemic: start with clavamox +/- ketaconazole

Question 20

Bone infection

Answer 20

empirical first choice clavamox

Question 21

Refractory osteomyelitis

Answer 21

Local implantation of antibiotic beads containing amikacin; IV regional infusion of amikacin

Question 22

Bacterial meningitis

Answer 22

TMS; chloramphenicol

Question 23

Helicobacter gastritis (GI)

Answer 23

Only treat if organism associated with significant lesion

Question 24

Salmonella (GI)

Answer 24

Fluoroquinolone is drug of choice

Question 25

Campylobacter (GI)

Answer 25

Fluoroquinolone

Question 26

Clostridial enteritis (GI)

Answer 26

metronidazole

Question 27

Cornea

Answer 27

topical: chloramphenicol; subconjunctival: amikacin; systemic treatment if severe

Question 28

Anterior chamber

Answer 28

topical: chloramphenicol; systemic: TMS or chloramphenicol

Question 29

Vitreous chamber

Answer 29

systemic: chloramphenicol; intravitreal injection: 1mg vancomycin

Question 30

Intraocular fungal infection

Answer 30

Fluconazole

Question 31

Actinomycosis (problem bacteria)

Answer 31

drug of choice is penicillin; clindamycin as alternate

Question 32

Multi-resistant enterococcal

Answer 32

penicillin + aminoglycoside; controversial: vancomycin