Antiseptics and Disinfectants

Question 1

Sterilization

Answer 1

Destruction of all life

Question 2

Sanitization

Answer 2

Reducing the pathogen load by 99.9%

Question 3

Disinfectant

Answer 3

Reduces the pathogen load by 99.9999%

Question 4

Antiseptic

Answer 4

An agent that prevents or arrests the development of microorganisms

Question 5

Resistance level to disinfectants: Medium-sized lipid viruses (enveloped), vegetative bacteria, fungi, small non-lipid viruses (unenveloped)

Answer 5

Low level

Question 6

Resistance level to disinfectants: Tubercle bacilli, coccidial oocysts, protozoal cysts

Answer 6

Intermediate level

Question 7

Resistance level to disinfectants: bacterial spores

Answer 7

High level

Question 8

Proper time/temp for dry heat sterilization

Answer 8

160C for 2 hours, 170C for 1 hour

Question 9

Can survive boiling

Answer 9

bacterial spores, protozoan cysts, some viruses

Question 10

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Answer 10

Low level disinfectants; more effective against gram + than -; relatively ineffective against spores & fungi

Question 11

Phenols

Answer 11

low to intermediate level disinfectants; not sporicidal; inhibited by hard water; do not use around cats

Question 12

Chlorhexadine (disinfectant)

Answer 12

low level disinfectant; good against gram +, less effective against -; not effective against pseudomonas/gram + cocci; looses activity in anionic detergents

Question 13

Chlorhexadine (antiseptic)

Answer 13

potentially ototoxic if TM ruptured

Question 14

Iodines

Answer 14

Not suitable as antiseptics

Question 15

Povidone iodine

Answer 15

antiseptic; less toxic to tissues, can be used in wounds; do not use skin prep in wounds

Question 16

Foot baths

Answer 16

10% zinc sulfate (used in sheep to avoid copper exposure); 5-10% copper sulfate (most commonly used); 2.5-5% formalin (heel warts, toughens sole so be mindful of hoof cracking)

Question 17

Silver sulfadiazine (0.5%-1% topical)

Answer 17

antiseptic; used in burns, wounds and otically; broad spectrum even against pseudomonas

Question 18

EDTA

Answer 18

antiseptic; many bacteria including pseudomonas, proteus, e. coli, and staph are susceptible; commonly used in otitis externa, multi-resistant bladder infections as an infusion, and for wounds/fistulas

Question 19

Benzoyl peroxide

Answer 19

antiseptic; used mainly for staph pyodermas; too toxic for tissues; most repository skin antiseptic