Antiseptics and Disinfectants Flashcards
Sterilization
Destruction of all life
Sanitization
Reducing the pathogen load by 99.9%
Disinfectant
Reduces the pathogen load by 99.9999%
Antiseptic
An agent that prevents or arrests the development of microorganisms
Resistance level to disinfectants: Medium-sized lipid viruses (enveloped), vegetative bacteria, fungi, small non-lipid viruses (unenveloped)
Low level
Resistance level to disinfectants: Tubercle bacilli, coccidial oocysts, protozoal cysts
Intermediate level
Resistance level to disinfectants: bacterial spores
High level
Proper time/temp for dry heat sterilization
160C for 2 hours, 170C for 1 hour
Can survive boiling
bacterial spores, protozoan cysts, some viruses
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Low level disinfectants; more effective against gram + than -; relatively ineffective against spores & fungi
Phenols
low to intermediate level disinfectants; not sporicidal; inhibited by hard water; do not use around cats
Chlorhexadine (disinfectant)
low level disinfectant; good against gram +, less effective against -; not effective against pseudomonas/gram + cocci; looses activity in anionic detergents
Chlorhexadine (antiseptic)
potentially ototoxic if TM ruptured
Iodines
Not suitable as antiseptics
Povidone iodine
antiseptic; less toxic to tissues, can be used in wounds; do not use skin prep in wounds
Foot baths
10% zinc sulfate (used in sheep to avoid copper exposure); 5-10% copper sulfate (most commonly used); 2.5-5% formalin (heel warts, toughens sole so be mindful of hoof cracking)
Silver sulfadiazine (0.5%-1% topical)
antiseptic; used in burns, wounds and otically; broad spectrum even against pseudomonas
EDTA
antiseptic; many bacteria including pseudomonas, proteus, e. coli, and staph are susceptible; commonly used in otitis externa, multi-resistant bladder infections as an infusion, and for wounds/fistulas
Benzoyl peroxide
antiseptic; used mainly for staph pyodermas; too toxic for tissues; most repository skin antiseptic
