SA Dentistry (Marin)

Question 1

ID and function

Answer 1

Periodontal Ligament - connective tissue that fills the space b/w tooth & alveolar bone

Question 2

Pulp

Answer 2

living tissue within tooth; comprised of nn., lymph tissue, blood vessels, connective tissue

Question 3

ID & function

Answer 3

Dentin
- makes up bulk of the tooth; calcified middle layer that supports enamel and protects inner pulp
- with age, dentin grows

Question 4

Which tooth is dead and why?

Answer 4

the left – dentin failed to develop (note the wide pulp canal– this should narrow as animal gets older)

Question 5

Gingiva

Answer 5

mm covering over the teeth

Question 6

Positional Terminology

Mesial
Distal
Lingual
Labial
Buccal

Answer 6

Mesial = toward midline
Distal = away from midline
Lingual = inside of teeth on bottom
Labial = outside of teeth on bottom
Buccal = outside on top

arrow pointing to each surface!! (and not indicating direction)

Question 7

ID

Answer 7

Coronal = toward tip of tooth; apical = toward gingival surface

Question 8

Both dogs and cats: teeth group numbers

Upper teeth on right =
Upper teeth on left =
Lower teeth on right =
Lower teeth on left =

Answer 8

Upper teeth on right = 100s
Upper teeth on left = 200s
Lower teeth on right = 400s
Lower teeth on left = 300s

Question 9

ID

Answer 9

104 = upper right canine
108 = upper right 4th premolar (Carnassial tooth)
409 = lower right 1st molar
404 = lower R canine

Question 10

Class 2 Malocclusion

Answer 10

over-bite

lower canine probably hitting soft tissue => possible source of pain; not all class 2 have produced traumas // are innocuous

Question 11

Class 3 Malocclusion

Answer 11

Under-bite

Question 12

COHAT

Answer 12

Comprehensive Oral Health Assessment and Treatment
- thorough assessment of oral cavity in order to address any present diseases

Question 13

UCF

Answer 13

Uncomplicated crown fracture: crown fracture that does not expose the pulp

Question 14

CCF

Answer 14

Complicated Crown Fracture: fracture of the crown that does expose the pulp

Question 15

Answer 15

Tooth resporption (most common in cats) – body breaks down and abosrbs the structures of the tooth // tooth erosion

Question 16

Pathogenesis of periodontal disease

Answer 16

Plaque builds up –> gingivitis progressess & bacteria colonize –> inflammation –> further bacterial colonization/inflammation + damage from cytokine release –> periodontal disease

Question 17

Gingivitis

Answer 17

swollen and/or inflammed gingival margins +/- hemorrhage

Question 18

Periodontitis

Answer 18

Periodontitis is a more severe disease that involves inflammation of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, eventually causing loss of attachment (periodontal pocketing, gingival recession, bone resorption).

Plaque calcifies to form dental calculus –> attracts more plaque, promoting periodontal disease

Question 19

the 5 periodontal disease stages

Answer 19

PD0: normal (puppies, kittens)
PD1: gingivitis w/ no bone loss
PD2: < 25% attachment loss
PD3: 25-50% attachment loss
PD4: > 50% attachment loss

Question 20

Type 1 tooth resorption - AVDC

Answer 20

can still see periodontal ligament all the way around

Full-tooth extraction

Question 21

Type 2 tooth resorption - AVDC

Answer 21

“ghost tooth” –> tooth is disappearing into surroundings and can’t visualize the periodontal ligament

Crown amputation

Question 22

Type 3 tooth resorption - AVDC

Answer 22

One root that is type 1, other root type 2

Full extraction of type 1 root, crown amputation of type 2 root

Question 23

ID

Answer 23

Chronic Gingivostomatitis (CGS)

Left: CGS (note the severe inflammation and gingivitis)

Very painful disease, characterized by severe inflammation of the gingiva, buccal mucosa, and caudal oral mucosa. Affects 0.7-10% of general cat population.
Characterized by varying degrees of excessive immune response leading to inflammation in the oral cavity of cats
Cause is unknown – bacterial (Bartonella), viral (calici) and immunologic processes were suspected in the past but recent studies have disproved this
Immunosuppression from FeLV/FIV may be a factor, although most cats are negative
Risk factor: purebred cats

Question 24

Stomatitis

Answer 24

Inflammation of the mucous lining of any of the structures in the mouth

• term “stomatitis” should be reserved to describe wide-spread oral inflammation (beyond gingivitis and periodontitis) that may also extend into submucosal tissues

Question 25

Gingivitis

Answer 25

Inflammation of the gingiva

Question 26

Infraorbital nerve block

Answer 26

Blocks all teeth rostral to the 4th premolar/carnassial teeth (ideal for maxillary canine, not strong enough to block carnassial itself) ## Footnote The cranial infraorbital nerve block inhibits stimulation to the following nerves: infraorbital, incisivomaxillary, rostral superior alveolar dental, external nasal, internal nasal, and superior labial.14 This block desensitizes the maxillary first, second, and third premolars, canine, and incisor teeth on the same side on which the block is administered. It also desensitizes the associated soft tissues, skin of the muzzle, and the upper lip on the ipsilateral side of block administration.

Question 27

Maxillary nerve block

Answer 27

blocks all maxillary teeth rostral to last molar on ipsilateral quadrant. Also blocks ipsilateral alveolar bone, soft tissue, skin of nose, cheek, and upper lip. ## Footnote The caudal infraorbital nerve block inhibits stimulation to the following nerves: maxillary; infraorbital; caudal, middle, and superior alveolar dental; incisivomaxillary; and rostral superior alveolar dental.14 This block desensitizes the maxillary 1st and 2nd molars and all premolars, canine, and incisors of the ipsilateral quadrant.14 Also blocked are the bone and soft tissues of the maxilla on the ipsilateral side of block administration, along with the skin of the nose, cheek, and upper lip on the ipsilateral side.14

Question 28

Mandibular nerve block

Answer 28

Blocks entire ipsilateral lower teeth arcade, plus ipsilateral rostral intermandibular tissues and rostral lower lip. ## Footnote The caudal inferior alveolar nerve block inhibits innervation to the inferior alveolar branch of the mandibular nerve before it dives into the mandible; to the caudal, middle, and rostral mental nerves; and to the incisive nerve.14 Anesthesia to this region desensitizes all teeth (incisors, canine, premolars, molars), associated labial tissues, the rostral lower lip, and the rostral intermandibular tissues on the side in which it is placed.14 There are 2 approaches to the caudal inferior nerve block: intraoral and extraoral.

Question 29

Best flap approach to the premolars/molars

Answer 29

Envelope flap

Question 30

Best flap approach to canine, 4th premolar, 3rd incisor

Answer 30

Mesial-Based Pedicle Flap