persons/ramirez SA d+ Flashcards
Definition of diarrhea
Increased fluidity; increased fecal frequency & volume
Etiology of secretory versus osmotic d+
Secretory: inflammation
Osmotic: malabsorption/maldigestive diseases
How does hyperthyroidism cause d+?
increased metabolism –> decreased segmental contractions increases transport of ingesta (transit time) –> too fast for normal digestion/absorption to occur
Small versus Large-Bowel Diarrhea
SBD
- normal to slightly increased frequency
- increased fecal volume
- Melena
- V+, weight loss
LBD
- increased frequency
- decreased fecal volume
- mucus
- frank blood (hematochezia)
- tenesmus (straining) or dyschezia (difficulty)
Tenesmus
(Owner’s perception on animal) Straining to defecate
Dyschezia
(physiological standpoint) animal is having difficulty defecating
Mixed Bowell (Enterocolitis) is mostly caused by ? diarrhea.
Chronic diarrhea
Common signalments for parasite-caused acute diarrhea?
Unvaccinated & young animals; outdoor-active animals; immunosuppressed animals
Young dog who visits the dog park often presents with severe, acute diarrhea. You visualize mobile trophozoites on direct fecal smear and perform a fecal float with ZnSO4. Diagnosis? Tx? Prevention? Size of eggs?
Dx = Giardia
Tx = Fenbendazole +/- metronidazole
Prevention = Decontamination - bath; clean environment; clean, safe drinking water
Size = SMALL! ~12 micrometers
Young dog who lives in unhygenic conditions presents with mucoid diarrhea. This is what you see on fecal float. Dx? Tx? Size of eggs?
Dx = Coccidiosis (Cystoisospora spp.) - causes enterocyte destruction –> malabsorptive d+
Tx = Sulfadimethoxine (Albon®), Ponazuril off-label
Size = ~50 micrometers
Is usually self-limiting
sulfame
What type of diarrhea do whipworms cause? Tx?
Large-Bowel Diarrhea
Tx = Fenbendazole (3d, repeat in 3 weeks, then repeat in 3 months)
What type of worms are Ancylostoma canium and Ancylostoma tubaeforme?
Transmission? SBD or LBD? Egg size? Tx?
Hookworms in the SI of dogs & cats
- Transmission = ingestion of paratenic host w/ L3 in its tissues
- Causes SBD
- Egg size = ~60 micrometers
- Tx = Pyrantel pamoate (adults - off-label in cats) ; Fenbendazole (off-label in cats), Febantel (dogs - drontal plus) ; Emodepside* (cats!)
PROFENDER(emodepside/praziquantel) Topical Solution is indicated for the treatment and control of hookworm infections caused by Ancylostoma tubaeforme (adults, immature adults, and fourth stage larvae), roundworm infections caused by Toxocara cati (adults and fourth stage larvae), and tapeworm infections caused by Dipylidium caninum (adults) and Taenia taeniaeformis (adults) in cats.
What type of worms are Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati?
Clinical signs? SBD or LBD? Egg size? Tx?
Roundworms in dogs & cats
- Clinical signs: SBD, v+ , Pot-belly
- Egg size = ~75 to 85 micrometers
- Tx = Fenbendazole (dogs); Emodepside (cats)
Fenbendazole off-label in cats; Emodepside cats only
Emodepside + Praziquantel = Profender® (roundworms & hookworms + tapeworms)
What type of worm is spread through ingestion of infected fleas in dogs & cats? SBD or LBD? Egg size? Tx?
Tapeworms - Dipylidium canium
Causes SBD
Egg size = LARGE! 120 to 200 micrometers
Tx = Praziquantel (dogs & cats); Profender® (cats)
Size of Taenia spp. egg? (Tapeworm)
24 to 40 micrometers
