S7) Urinary Incontinence Flashcards
What is urinary incontinence?
Urinary incontinence is the unintentional passing of urine due to loss of bladder control
There are 4 types of urinary incontinence.
Identify them
- Stress Urinary Incontinence
- Urge Urinary incontinence
- Mixed Urinary Incontinence
- Overflow Incontinence
What is stress urinary incontinence?
Stress Urinary Incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine on effort, exertion, sneezing or coughing
What is urge urinary incontinence?
Urge Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine accompanied by urgency
What is mixed urinary incontinence?
Mixed Urinary Incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine associated with urgency and also with exertion, effort, sneezing or coughing
What is overflow incontinence?
Overflow incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine from an overfull bladder, often in the absence of any urge to urinate
Have an understanding of the prevalence of urinary incontinence with age
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Describe the incidence of the different types of urinary incontinence
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Identify 6 risk factors for urinary incontinence
- Obesity
- Age
- Gender (more common in females)
- Smoking
- Family history
- Neurological disease/diabetes
Identify and describe 4 causes of urinary incontinence in females
- Pregnancy – due to hormonal changes and uterine expansion
- Childbirth – weakens muscles needed for bladder control and damages bladder nerves and supportive tissue
- Hysterectomy – due to possible damage of the supporting pelvic floor
- Menopause – due to loss of oestrogen which causes urethra and bladder to deteriorate
Identify and describe 4 causes of urinary incontinence in males
- Prostate cancer – often incontinence occurs as a side effect of treatments
- Enlarged prostate gland – benign prostatic hyperplasia (more common in older men)
- Prostatectomy – often surgery damages urinary structures
- Prostatitis – prostate swells and compresses urethra
State 4 initial investigations for urinary incontinence
- Urine dipstick (UTI, haematuria, proteinuria, glucosuria)
- Non-invasive urodynamics (frequency-volume chart)
- Invasive urodynamics (pressure-flow studies)
- Cystoscopy
In the conservative management of urinary incontinence, identify 5 general lifestyle interventions
- Modify fluid intake
- Weight loss
- Stop smoking
- Decrease caffeine intake (UUI)
- Avoid constipation
Identify 3 forms of management for patients with urinary incontinence who are unsuitable for surgery / failed conservative management
- Catheter (suprapubic/urethral)
- Sheath device
- Incontinence Pads
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What is the initial management for SUI?
Pelvic floor muscle training – 8 contractions x3/day, at least 3 months duration