Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PASS > S5- Substance misuse > Flashcards

S5- Substance misuse Flashcards

1
Q

Define substance misuse

A

Refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs
- can lead to dependence syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A) What is dependence syndrome?

B) Characteristics of this

A

A) A cluster of physiological, behavioural and cognitive phenomena in which the use of a substance or class of substances takes on a much higher priority for a given individual than other behaviours that once had greater value

B) Desire to take psychoactive drugs, alcohol or tobacco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 types of substances?

A
  • Stimulants: make you feel more alert, more energy and confidence e.g. tobacco, cocaine, amphetamine (speed) and mephedrone
  • Hallucinogens: mind altering: can impact your perceptions mood and senses e.g. LSD and magic mushrooms
  • Depressants: make you feel relaxed e.g. alcohol, heroin, tranquillisers and cannabis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is dependence?

A
  • can be physical and/or psychological
  • Physical: relates to experiencing symptoms associated with withdrawal from the substance
  • Psychological: relates to having impaired control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagnostic guidelines

A

Xx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A) What is audit-c

A

A) tool used to identify alcohol dependence,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List some risk factors for drug use

A
  • Issues relating to family life: neglect, drug misuse and/or emotional or physical abuse has taken place
  • Mental health: depression, anxiety and ADD associated with drug misuse
  • Unemployment and poor education attainment
  • Social groups
  • Previous drug use
  • Biology: people who report positive effects from drug misuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are ACES?

A

Adverse childhood experiences e.g. abuse, parental separation, alcohol abuse, drug use, incarceration- increases someone’s chances of misusing substances in later life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the theories of dependence?

A
  • Learning theories: something that we have learnt e.g. classical conditioning models
  • Imitation theories: e.g. social learning theory
  • Rational choice theories
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Classical conditioning model

A

Hnjbh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A) What is the social learning theory?

B) Explain how you can apply this to patterns of substance misuse

A

A) An imitation theory - learning through observation and listening to others

B)

  1. Modelling: risk of developing drug use increases if you see others around you using drugs
  2. Expectation: a positive reward makes drug use more likely. E.g. seeing a parent using alcohol to relax. A negative experience will adversely promote avoidance
  3. Self-efficacy: how you view your ability to abstain or deal with situations impacts on behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A) What is the theory of rational addiction?
B) Explain how you can apply this to patterns of substance misuse
C) How could this theory be used to reduce drug use?

A

A) Makes a distinction between harmful and beneficial addictions

B) Involves making rational choices that favours the benefits of dependence over the costs.

  • individuals are motivated by their preferences (wants or goals)
  • people who are dependent make utility maximising decisions about taking the substance and take into account their future
  • discounting future—> addiction

C) Making drugs more costly, in all ways not just financial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 different models for treatment?

A
  1. Medical model
    - detoxification regimes
    - substitute prescribing
  2. Disease model
    - step facilitation
    - AA/NA
  3. Behavioural model
    - CBT
    - Motivational interviewing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the medical model of treatment?

A
  • focus on the physical condition i.e. tolerance, physical withdrawal, symptoms, vit deficiency, pancreatitis
  • not good to use just on its own
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the disease model of treatment?

A
  • Minnesota model: combines in-patient with therapy and groups
  • addiction is: an illness, with lots of control being the primary symptom
  • addiction is genetic and can be predetermined
  • abstinence/avoidance is the only viable treatment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the behavioural model of treatment?

A
  • Addiction doesn’t exist, excessive use is a mis-learnt coping mechanism
  • excessive use/misuse is a result of social, economic and familial learned experiences
  • alternative coping mechanisms can be taught and past experiences addressed
17
Q

The most important thing in treatment is harm reduction. Identify these in diff substances

A
  • Alcohol: pump full of vitamin B, safety advice
  • Opiates: Naloxone (opiate reversing injection), overdose awareness
  • Injecting: needle exchange, Blood borne virus screening, sexual health, injecting advice
18
Q

What are some of the psychosocial interventions?

A
  • motivational interviewing
  • CBT
  • Mindfulness
  • solution focused therapy
  • relapse prevention
  • peer support
  • mutual aid
19
Q

Substitute prescribing:
A) Opiates
B) Amphetamine

A

A) Substituting opiates with methadone(opioid, agonist), buprenorphine (antagonist opioid receptor modulator)

  • using less of the illegal heroin, their lifestyle choices more stable
  • reduces risk of infection

B) Dexamphetamine

20
Q

Detoxification:
A) Alcohol
B) Opiates
C) Synthetic cannabinoids

A

A) Benzodiazepines—> chlordiazepoxide
B) Opiate substitutes: methadone, buprenorphine
C) Symptomatic detox: chlordiazepoxide

21
Q

Relapse prevention:

A

X

22
Q

List the pros and cons of the
A) community setting
B) In patient setting

A

A)

Pro’s:

  • access time
  • least disruptive
  • maintains social support
  • pace
  • continuous psychosocial program

Cons:

  • not suitable for everyone
  • lower supervision
  • higher risk

B)

Pro’s

  • high supervision
  • safer
  • can handle complexity

Cons:

  • access time
  • removes social support
  • cost
  • divorced from community treatment
23
Q

What is the most successful treatment combination for substance misuse?

A
  • When two models are combined: pharmacotherapy with at least one psychosocial approaches —> motivational interviewing is the preferred treatment
24
Q

What are the symptoms of withdrawal associated with alcohol?

A
  • Withdrawal fits/seizures
  • Delirium tremens: confusion, agitation, florid visual hallucinations and delusions —> lead to seizures, hyperthermia, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, cardiovascular shock, acute liver failure
  • Wernicke’s encephalopathy: acute brain disease associated with thiamine deficiency, cause of long term brain damage, result from vitamin deficiency
  • Death
25
Q

A) How can delirium tremens be treated?

B) Prevention of wernickes?

A

A) Using benzodiazepines (chlordiazepoxide or diazepam) for 7-10 days, dose varies by patient (age, gender, body mass, degree of alcohol dependence, other drug use and medication and associated physical disease)

B)

  • Lower dose regimen; oral thiamine tablets 100 mg x2 daily, oral vitamin B x2 a day
  • Higher dose regimen: oral thiamine and vitamin B and parenteral vitamins

PASS (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions