S5 L1 - Healthcare infections, Adenovirus, UTI

Question 1

• *Healthcare infections**
• What are these?
• Why are healthcare infections important?

Answer 1

Healthcare infections
- What are these:
• Infections arising as a consequence of providing healthcare
• In hospital patients:
– Neither present nor incubating at time of admission
– For practical purposes, this means onset is at least 48 hours after admission
• Also includes infections in hospital visitors and healthcare workers

Why are healthcare infections important?
• Frequent - prevalence = 8% of in-patients
• Impact on health
• Impact on healthcare organisations
• Preventable

Question 2

• *Examples of healthcare infection pathogens**
• Viruses
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Parasites
• *Not all patients have the same likelihood of developing HAI**
• Describe some factors

Answer 2

• *Examples of healthcare infection pathogens** pic
• Viruses
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Parasites

Not all patients have the same likelihood of developing HAI
- Describe some factors
extremes of age, obesity/malnourished, diabetes, cancer, immunosuppression, smoker, surgical patient, emergency admission

Question 3

• *The 4P’s of Infection Prevention and control**
• What are the 4P’s
• Explain all 4 P’s

Answer 3

• *The 4P’s of Infection Prevention and control**
• What are the 4P’s: Patient, Pathogen, Practice, Place
• Explain all 4 P’s

Question 4

• *Patient Interventions -**
• General and specific to try and reduce their risk of catching an HCI
• Halting patient to patient transmission

Answer 4

- General and specific to try and reduce their risk of catching an HCI
General:
• Optimise patient’s condition
• Smoking, nutrition, diabetes
• Antimicrobial prophylaxis
• Skin preparation
• Hand hygiene
Specific:
• MRSA screens
• Mupirocin nasal ointment
• Disinfectant body wash

• *- Halting patient to patient transmission:**
• Physical barriers - Isolation of infected patients, Protection of susceptible patient,

Question 5

Healthcare workers Intervention

Answer 5

Healthcare workers
- Healthy:
• Disease free
• Vaccinated
- Good practice:
• Good clinical techniques (e.g. sterile non-touch)
• Hand hygiene
• PPE
• Antimicrobial prescribing

Question 6

Environmental Interventions

Answer 6

• Built environment:
- Space/Layout
- Toilets
- Wash hand basins
• Furniture and furnishings:
- Carpets are really bad for infections, as they are hard to keep clean
• Cleaning:
- Disinfectants
- Steam cleaning
- Hydrogen peroxide vapour
• Medical devices:
- Single use equipment
- Sterilisation
- Decontamination

Question 7

What is I-fived your patients today?

Answer 7

Identify - identify is they may have an infection
Isolate
Investigate - try and confirm what infection they have
Inform - other people in team, infection control
Initiate - treatment (if appropriate)

Question 8

• *Identify checklist
• ** remember way of remembering it

Answer 8

Identify checklist: ABCDEF
Abroad
Blood borne infections
Colonised with multi-resistant drug organisms
Diarrhoea/vomiting
Expectorating (cough)
Funny looking rash

Question 9

• *Adenovirus**
• Pathogen
• Patient
• Symptoms
• Mechanism of infection
• Management
• Outcome

Answer 9

Question 10

• *UTI**
• Pathogen
• Patient
• Mechanism of infection
• Symptoms
• Management
• Outcome

Answer 10