S10 L2 - E.coli, Neutropenic sepsis, Shingles

Question 1

• *E.coli**
• What does E.coli stand for
• Pathogen - gram stain etc
• Special characteristics of E.coli
• Part of the microbiota - why is it found in the body?

Answer 1

Question 2

• *E.coli**
• Identifying E.coli in the lab
• “One health approach”

Answer 2

Question 3

• *E.coli**
• Diversity of E.coli
• Serology antigens of E.coli
• Example of some infections E.coli can cause

Answer 3

Question 4

• *ETEC**
• What does this stand for
• Patient type
• Symptoms
• Mechanism of infection
• Virulence factors… leading to the infection
• Management
• Outcome
• Incubation

Answer 4

Question 5

EPEC
- Type of infection
[- How it attached to enterocytes]

Answer 5

P – ‘pinning’

Causes diarrhoea – most common in children in developing countries

Question 6

STEC
- Full name
- Symptoms causes
- HUS
[- Infection - molecular action of S—- toxin]

Answer 6

Question 7

• *ExPEC – Extra-Intestinal Pathogenic E.coli**
• Cause diseases where…
• Wide range of virulence factors include…

Answer 7

These are strains of E.coli capable of causing disease outside of the intestinal tract

Wide range of virulence factors, include:

• Adhesions
• Iron acquisition systems
• Toxins

Question 8

• *UPEC**
• Full name
• Infections caused by UPEC
• Symptoms
• Virulence factors for UPEC

Answer 8

Question 9

E.coli bloodstream infections
E.coli bacteria are the commonest cause of bloodstream infections
Reasons for this…

Answer 9

• *E.coli bloodstream infections**
• E.coli bacteria are the commonest cause of bloodstream infections
• *Reasons for this:**
• 50% due to UTI – ineffective antibiotic treatment
• 21% of patients have urinary catheters
• 16% hepatobiliary infections (small bowel infections)
• 7% gastrointestinal infections (large bowl infections etc…)

E.coli causing blood stream infections – more common in summer (hotter)

Question 10

• *Management of E.coli infections – DIARRHOEA**
• Prevention
• Treatment

Answer 10

• *Prevention:**
• Avoid foods and drink that could be contaminated with bacteria
• Avoid fruits and vegetables…
• *Treatment:**
• AVOID ANTIBIOTICS – make illness worse as just produce more toxins…
• Oral rehydration
• Clear liquids to prevent dehydration and loss of electrolytes
• Most infections will recover in a few days without any treatment

Question 11

• *Management of E.coli infections – URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS**
• Treatment

Answer 11

Treatment:
Trimethoprim and Nitrofurantoin

Question 12

• *Management of E.coli infections – BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS**
• Treatment

Answer 12

• Increasing resistant’s (horizontal gene transfer is common – Carbapenemase genes are increasing resistance particularly)

Treatment:
Co-Amoxiclav

Question 13

• *Shingles**
• Pathogen
• Patient
• Infection - stage
• Management
• Incubation period

Answer 13

Question 14

• *Neutropenic sepsis**
• Other names
• How unwell are these patients? Can some of the patients be afebrile?
• Why don’t they have a greater immune response?
• Definition of neutropenic sepsis
• People at risk of this
• Is Red flag sepsis always useful in this instance?
• Mangement incl. treatment

Answer 14

Febrile neutropenia

afebrile - means no fever