S2 L1 - Infection Model, Candidiasis, Cellulitis, Full blood count, microbiome

Question 1

• *Infection model**
• What is this model? What does it look like?

1. Pathogen

2. Patient

Answer 1

Infection model
- What is this model? What does it look like?
pic

1. Pathogen:
Prokaryotes: Virus, Bacteria
Eukaryotes: Fungus (Yeast, Moulds), Parasites (Protozoa, Helminths)

2. Patient:
Person:
age, gender, physiological state, pathological state, social factors
Time:
calendar time (winter or summer…), relative time (incubation period)
Place:
current
recent (where have they travelled to recently? Up to past year)

Question 2

3. Mechanism of infection

4. Infection

Answer 2

3. Mechanism of infection:
Contiguous (direct spread), inculation, haematogenous, ingestion, inhalation, vector, vertical transmission

4. Infection:
pic

Question 3

5. Management

- Treatment - more depeth of specfic and supportive treatments

Answer 3

5. Management:
History
Examination
Investigations - specific, supportive
Treatment - specific, supportive

• Infection prevention - hospital, community
• *Treatment - more depeth of specfic and supportive treatments**
• Specific: Antimicrobials, surgery (drainiage, debriement, dead space removal)
• Supportive: Symptom relief, physiological restoration (getting body biochemistry correctly, excess bilirubin, excess urea, restoring electrolyte balance, excess lactic acid)

Question 4

6. Outcome

Answer 4

Question 5

• *Full blood count**
• what does this include

Answer 5

WBC
RBC
HCT (haematocrit)
Hb
MCV
MCH
Platelets
Reticulocytes
Differential white blood cells

Question 6

Human microbiome
- Other names
Some micro-organisms:
- Skin
- Mouth and nose
- Intestinal tract
- Urogenital tract

Answer 6

• Other names: Normal flora, microbiome, commensal
  Some micro-organisms:
• Skin: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis
• Mouth and nose: S.aureus, S.epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, S.pneumoniae
• Intestinal tract: E.coli
• Urogenital tract: Lactobacillis, Candida Albicans

Question 7

• *Candidiasis**
• Cause
• Patient risk factors
• Mechanism of action
• Site of Candida infections
• Oral candidiasis signs and symptoms
• Vaginal candidiasis signs and symptoms
• Treatment
• Outcome of the infection

Answer 7

Example of an opportunistic infection
Fungal infection caused by yeast

Question 8

• *Cellulitis:**
• What is this?
• Pathogen
• Patient risk factors
• Mechanism of infection
• Signs and symptoms
• Management
• Outcome

Answer 8